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Iterative Control: LOOP StatementsThe LOOP statement executes a series of statements multiple times. There are 3 forms of LOOP statements: LOOP, WHILE-LOOP, & FOR-LOOP.LOOPThe simplest form of the LOOP statement is the basic loop that encloses a series of statements between the keywords LOOP and END LOOP which is as shown:LOOPsequence_of_statementsEND LOOP;With each of the iteration of the loop, the series of statements is executed, then the control resumes at the top of the loop. If extra processing is undesirable or impossible, you may use an EXIT statement to complete the loop. You may place one or more EXIT statements wherever inside a loop, but nowhere outside a loop. There are 2 forms of EXIT statements: EXIT and EXIT-WHEN.
Package STANDARD package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available a
Scoping Within the similar scope, all the declared identifiers should be unique. So, even if their datatypes differ, the variables and parameters cannot share the similar name.
Use the RETURNING Clause Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent
Assigning and Comparing Collections One collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. A
Manipulating Collections Within PL/SQL, the collections add procedural power and flexibility. The biggest benefit is that your program can compute subscripts to process the spec
Mutual Recursion The Subprograms are mutually recursive if they directly or indirectly call each other. In the illustration below, the Boolean functions odd & even, that dete
Using Subqueries A subquery is a query (typically enclosed by parentheses) that appears within another SQL data manipulation statement. If evaluated, the subquery gives a va
Aggregate Operators SQL Supports all of the aggregate operators mentioned in the theory book and many more besides. The syntax, however, involves an unusual trick that SQL cal
Exceptions An exception is the runtime error or warning condition that can be predefined or user-defined. The Predefined exceptions are raised implicitly through runtime system
Using Invoker Rights: By default, the stored procedure executes with the privileges of its definer, not its invoker. These procedures are bound to the schema in which they inh
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