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Isolation or Independence: The isolation property shows that the updates of a transaction should not be visible till they are committed. Isolation assurance that the progresses of other transactions do not affect the outcome of this transaction. For instance, if another transaction that is a withdrawal transaction which withdraws an amount of Rs. 5000 from X account is in progress, While commits or fails, should not affect the outcome of this transaction. Only the state that has been study by the transaction last should verify the outcome of this transaction.
Mappings between Levels and Data Independence The 3 levels of abstraction in the database do not exist separately of each other. There must be some correspondence, or mapping
Increased parallelism : Since the replicated date has several copies a query can be distributed or can be answered from the smallest loaded site. Also, with more replicas you have
draw ER diagram of student entity and course entity where attribute of student entity are student roll, student name, student phone and student address and attribute of course enti
Concurrency issues Data integrity: Threads accessing same object need to be synchronized, such as: banking account. Deadlock: One or more threads in system are perman
What is the meaning of Data Independence ?
What is association? Give an example of association Association is used for establishing relationships among classes. Association describe links among/between classes. For exa
employee(empid,empname,dept,telno,mobno, add,sssno,tinno,WEdates,WEcomp,WEadd,WEpos,WEres) this is a employee record which is need to be normalize.the WE means work experience
how to implement mid square hashing?
Describe the storage structure of indexed sequential files and their access method. Ans: Index offers a lookup capability to rapidly reach the vicinity of the desired record.
How many levels can be viewed in Architecture of the database ? Architecture of the database can be viewed as three levels.
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