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Isolation or Independence: The isolation property shows that the updates of a transaction should not be visible till they are committed. Isolation assurance that the progresses of other transactions do not affect the outcome of this transaction. For instance, if another transaction that is a withdrawal transaction which withdraws an amount of Rs. 5000 from X account is in progress, While commits or fails, should not affect the outcome of this transaction. Only the state that has been study by the transaction last should verify the outcome of this transaction.
What are referential integrity constraints? A value that appears in single relation for a given set of attributes also appears for a particular set of attributes in another rel
What are the requirements to ensure the objectives of file management principle is realized?
Depending upon the rules we have found, we can classify the locks into two types. Shared Lock: A transaction might be acquiring shared lock on a data item in order to read it
Saving Derived Attributes to Avoid Re-computation As discussed, "redundancy means duplication of exact data". But, if multiple copies of same data are present in the system,
Consider an information system designed for an online company which provides IT products and services These include desktops, laptops, networking products, IT books, parts, and
What is a value? A data value is used for identity. This form of identity is used in relational systems.eg: The primary key value of a tuple recognize the tuple.
What is the use of RAID? A variety of disk-organization methods, collectively called redundant arrays of independent disks are used to better the performance and reliability.
What is the error handling Traditionally, bits have been sent over line lacking any error correcting scheme in physical layer. The presence of the CPU in each modem makes it po
What is the use of group by clause? Group by clause is used to be relevant aggregate functions to a set of tuples. The attributes given in the group by clause are used to shape
What is a Data Flow Diagram? Data Flow Diagram: A data flow diagram is the graph that shows flow of data values from their sources in objects in the course of processes whic
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