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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
Explain the production of Newton's ring because of reflected light with a neat diagram. Get the expression for the diameter of both dark and bright ring.
The potential difference created across the P-N junction due to the diffusion of electron and holes is called potential barrier. For and for silicon On the average the
describe the principle, construction and working of Michelson Interferometer.
Null experiment: An experiment that yields no result after being executed. Null experiments are just as meaningful as non-null experiments; if current theory determined an obs
Q. Illustrates the branches of physics? Answer:- The basic branches of physics are classical mechanics electromagnetism including thermodynamics, optics, relativity and qu
Example of state function
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When a moving body changes with time,then we say that the body has acceleration.simentaniously the change in velocity is equal then it is called uniform acceleration .
CELL CAPACITY The amount of electrical energy that a cell can provide from new to the end of its useful voltage on load is called the cell capacity and is quoted in Ampere hour
Uniformity principle (E.P. Hubble): The principle that the laws of physics here & now are not distinct, at least qualitatively, from the laws of physics in previous or future
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