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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
State Huygens' Principle. With the help of a suitable diagram, prove Snell's law of refraction using Huygens' Principle.
what is nicol prism?
composition of two SHM at right angle to each other and having time period in the ratio of 1: 2
Causes of Low power factor The major causes of low power factor in the electric supply system are as follows. Due to reactive load Most of the AC motors used in i
Lens: A transport refractive body bonded by one or two spherical surface known as lens. There are various kinds of lenses. e.g. Double convex Lens Double concave lens
a pond is an example of
a pendulum is timed ,first for 20 swings and then for 50 swings ; time for 20 swings = 17.4 sec and time for 50 sec = 43.2. calculate the average time per swing/
the two point charges +10 nano coulomb and -20 nano coulomb are seperated by a distance 0.1m. calculate the neutral point along the line joining of two charges
EXPLAIN THE DIRECTION OF COMPONENTS
1. Discuss the internal noise sources that are present in a typical signal source and amplifier circuit, and describe their effects. 2. The company currently has a low noise a
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