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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
The Venturimeter (see figure) is a device used to calculate the flow speed of a fluid in a pipe. At the throat, the area is decreased from A to a and the velocity is increased from
what is the delay line of cro?
Illustrate the graphs showing variation of inductive reactance and Capacitive reactance with frequency of applied a.c. source.
An unknown material has a normal melting/freezing point of -26.3° C, and the liquid phase has a specific heat capacity of 160 J/(kg · C°). One-tenth of a kilogram of the solid at -
Using cross belts cross the belt on the spool pulleys used in C 1 above and turn one of the pulleys. Note that they now turn in opposite directions.
A simple theodolite or astrolabe A simple theodolite or astrolabe is formed by fixing a drinking straw to the base line of a protractor with sealing wax or glue. A plumb line h
For the arrangement shown in Figure find (a) the equivalent capacitance of the circuit, (b) the voltage across QR, and (c) the charge on each capacitor
a mild steel wire of length 1mand cross sectional area 0./10^2 cm^2 is stretched. within the elastic limit horizontally between two pillars. a mass of 100g is suspended from the mi
How many types does heat transfer? There are three ways of heat tranfer. a) Conduction (transfer of heat among objects in direct contact) b) Convection (transfer of he
how can we conclude whether at some time interference will take place or not with the help of the concept of temporal coherence?
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