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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
what is virtual displacement?and how is it different from actual displacement?
The term pure iron is meant a ferrous material with an extra low carbon content for example low carbon steel and electrolytic iron. In low carbon steel carbon content is less than
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If the angle of incidence is 60 degrees,then what is the angle of deviation?
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Hence refractive index µ can be determine by measuring the diameter of Newton's rings first with air and then with the liquid for same value of m.
Introduction of physics- Physics Essentials Why do most people believe physics is too hard? Most people get hung up by the feeling that they do not 100% totally understand what
Industrial applications of ultrasonics
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