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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
What are the disadvantages of polymer fibers optics? The ends of polymer fibers can't operate along with high temperatures. Illuminators or light sources are required with a sc
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A radiation of 500nm is incident on a metal surface whose work function is 3ev.why do we not observe the phenomenon of photoelectric effect? Ans) Because the energy of radiation i
A force of 2.5kN is needed to lift a load. How much work is done if the load is lifted by 500cm? An electromagnet exerts a force of 12N and moves a soft iron armature by a dist
show that work is a path function not a property
To an order of magnitude, how many helium-filled toy balloons would be needed to lift you off the ground? Helium is an irreplaceable resource so make a theoretical solution rather
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experiment measuring moment of magnet
INTRODUCTION: Superconductivity is a phenomenon takes place in certain materials at low temperatures. Characterized by precisely zero electrical resistance. Superconductors have
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