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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
Industrial applications of ultrasonics
Bohr given a model for hydrogen molecule which is also applicable for some lighter atoms in which a one electron revolves around a stationary nucleus of positive charge Ze (known a
two forces f1 500Ndue east and f2 250N due north have their common initial point f1 - f2 is
When two particles tend to each other, their motion alters or their momentum modify because of their mutual interactions. This phenomenon is called as collision. During collision
Assumptions: Kinetic Energy=KE, Potential Energy=PE m=mass of the skateboarder=55 kg, Velocity v=1.80m/s So ,Initial Energy(KE) of the skateboarder=mv 2 /2 = 0.5* 55 * (1.8)^
what are like and unlike parallel force?
calculate the amplitude of wave of y= (0.045m) sin x (5.2t+4.0x)
A tank is filled up to a height 2H WITH A LIQUID and is placed on a platform of height H from the ground .the distance x from the ground where a small hole is punched to get maximu
what is charge?
Active network:- It can be described as a network, which contains one or more than single source of e.m.f. in it.
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