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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
The average energy needed to release a nucleon from the nucleus is known as binding energy per nucleon. Binding energy per nucleon diffrence Stability of nucleus
Isolated magnetic poles do not exist'. explain? A. 1. If a bar magnet is cut into smaller and smaller pieces eventually ending with the smallest possible piece, this smallest
Suppose that a nickel filter is required to produce an intensity ratio of Cu K a to Cu K ß of 100/1 in the filtered beam. Calculate the thickness of the filter and the transmission
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Discuss the Carnot cycle of operation and reduce the expression for efficiency. Carnot engine is works on the principle of Carnot cycle made up of four stages are represented as sh
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Newton's Law of Gravitation In 1687, Newton did not "discover" gravity but he did figure out that gravity is universal. It makes a ball fall when you drop it on earth. It also
Can the voltage drop across the inductor or the capacitor in a series LCR circuit be greater than the applied voltage of the a.c. source?
Q. Explain an alloy? Answer:- An alloy is a homogeneous hybrid of two or else more elements at least one of which is a metal and where the resulting material has metallic
Kirkwood gaps (Kirkwood): Gaps in the asteroid belt, caused through resonance effects from Jupiter. Identical gaps exist in Saturn's rings, because of the resonance effects of
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