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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
A car of mass 800 kg is pulling a trailer of mass 300 kg up the slope of angle ? to the horizontal where sine ? = 1/200. Resistance to motion (apart from gravity) is 1.5 N per kg o
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summary requirement of cooling of transformers
Inertia with a spade Scoop up a spadeful of dry earth. Now pitch the earth away from you. View that when the spade stops the earth flies on due to inertia.
In the case of materials some of the atoms or ions in the material have a net magnetic due to unpaired electrons in partially filled orbits. However, the individual magnetic mome
What is the Directionality of LASER? Directionality: Laser emits light which is highly directional. Laser light is emitted like a relatively narrow beam in an exact direction.
Q. If a single force acts on an object, the object accelerates. yse it is definately true. Newton's second law.
When the electron is known energy from external source, it goes to higher energy level. This process is called as excitation. The minimum energy needed to excite an atom is know
What is meant by tunnelling phenomenon? A tunnel diode is a high conductivity two-terminal P-N junction doped heavily about 1,000 times higher than a conventional junction diod
What is a capacitor ? A capacitor is basically a two conductors conencted with an insulator.... It stores great amount of charge!
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