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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
Charge and discharge characteristics of nickel cadmium cell: During charging and discharging the electrolyte acts only as an ionised conductor, transporting electrons from one
Q. Explain the magnetize of metal? Answer:- You can rub a magnet alongside the metal in one direction for a bunch of times (the more the better) and that will magnetize it
An electron is constrained to the central perpendicular axis of a ring of charge of radius 2.2 m and charge 0.015 mC. See Section 22-6. Suppose the electron is released from rest a
Two resistors, of resistance 3 and 6, are connected in parallel across a battery having a voltage of 12V. Determine (a) The total circuit resistance and (b) The current ?
A ballerina begins a tour jete with angular speed ?i and a rotational inertia consisting of two parts: Ileg = 1.55 kg*m^2 for her leg extended outward at angle ? = 90.0 to her body
Convex Lens Convex lens converges rays parallel to its principal axis. It is thick in the middle and thin at the edged. It forms real and inverted image of an ob
Hertz; Hz (after H. Hertz, 1857-1894) The derived SI unit of frequency, explained as a frequency of 1 cycle per s; therefore it has units of s -1 .
Path of a projectile The apparatus below can be used to indicate the independence of the horizontal and vertical velocities of a projectile. The projectile is a metal ball, and
A cooling drum consists of a (horizontally) rotating, large stainless steel cylinder. The cylinder has a diameter D and a width of W. The cooling at the inside of the drum is so ef
A woman wearing high heels briefly supports all her weight on the heels. If her mass is 45 kg and each heel has an area of 1.2 cm 2 , what pressure does she exert on the floor
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