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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
Steel: Steel contains iron with a small percentage of carbon added it. Iron itself is not very strong but the additions of small percentage of carbon in it decrease the ductility
a) The molar mass of air is 28.97 kg/kmol and the universal gas constant is 8.314 kJ/(kmolK). Show by calculation that the particular gas constant of air is around 0.287 kJ/(kgK)
How to set out a scientific report and include a collection and analysis of data to support my claims/findings. I am making a model and videoing it, i am wondering how to do a scie
What are the advantages of fibers optics? Glass fiber optics are extremely resilient and ideally fine for working in places where the actual conductor will tend to extreme temp
Q. What is Maser? Give the principle of it. 1) The term MASER for Microwave Amplification through Stimulated Emission of Radiation. 2) The working of maser is similar to th
In nuclear fusion two or more than two lighter nuclei join to form a single heavy nucleus. The volume of one molecule so formed is less than the sum of the masses of parent nuclei.
Wien displacement law: For blackbody, the product of the wavelength equivalent to the maximum radiancy and the thermodynamic temperature is a constant, the Wien displacement l
Microwave diathermy The microwave diathermy can be produced in special tube which can be placed several inches from the region to be treated . Microwave can penetrate deep int
Write the mathematical relation for the resistivity of a material in terms of relaxation time, number density and mass and charge of charge carriers in it. Describe, using this rel
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