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The contribution of ionic polarization takes account of the fact that when in a molecule some of the atoms have an excess positive or negative charge (resulting from the ionic character of the bonds),an electric field tend to shift positive ions relative to negative ones. This leads to an induced moment of other origin from the moment induced by electron clouds shifting relative to nuclei. In this case a solid material should have some ionic character. It then automatically has internal dipoles, exactly cancels each other and is unable to rotate. The external field them induces net dipoles by slightly displacing the ions from their rest position. The paradigmatic materials are simple ionic crystal like NaCl. The polarization of a given volume, though, is exactly zero as for every dipole moment there is a neighbouring one with exactly the same magnitude, but with opposite sign. Note that the dipoles cannot dipoles, their direction is permanent. In electric field, the ions feel forces in opposite directions. The Na+ ions moved a bit to the right, the Chlorine ions to the lift. The dipoles moments between adjacent NaCl pairs in field direction are now different and there is a net dipole moment in a finite volume now. It can be observed that it is enough to take one dipole in field direction.
Agriculture: 1. Radio isotopes are used to verify the optimum amount of fertilizer for the plants. 2. It is used to kill bacteria and conserved food stuff. 3. It is used
Discuss the Carnot cycle of operation and reduce the expression for efficiency. Carnot engine is works on the principle of Carnot cycle made up of four stages are represented as sh
2 upright plane mirrors are 4 meters apart and facing each other. A man stands 1 meter in front of them. Determine the distance between the second images in the mirror
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Determine the Charge of the lithium ion A mass spectrometer often is used in carbon dating to verify the ratio of C-14 isotopes to C-12 isotopes in a biological sample. This ra
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In a perfect instrument the zeros of the major scale and circular scale coincides with each other, in that situation screw gauge has zero-error, or else the measurement device is s
Are end fitting standard? No, end fitting are not standard. Each system manufacturer favors a type of termination for his fibers along with threads, pressure glands, rivets or
Determine current flowing through 5 ? resistor in the circuit demonstrated in Figure. Use Source transformation technique. Ans: Determination of current flowing thr
How a CPH products? Answer; no time has passing of a CPH. Thus, CPH exists and never decay.
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