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Introduction
Oracle 9i- it was made public in the year 2001 with over 400 features, and graphics, it has merged the traditional business with modern internet applications (both business model and their operation).It is known for its strength in offering performance, scaling, and availability in hosted services exhibited in any software. A real application clusters is a computer-cluster database. In Oracle 9i, Real Application Clusters substituted the Oracle Parallel Server.
Oracle 10g- This database became the first RDBMS release from Oracle Corporation after Oracle 9i that advanced Grid computing technology. Besides these multiple features and advancements, Oracle 10g released resolved the bugs reported from the previous edition of databases like oracle 9i. Major language features included continuing expression functionality support, flashback operations support; recycle bin, and performance improvements. With the rising fame of 10g versions first release, when it became successful then oracle released second edition of 10g in 2005.
Oracle 11g- This is latest released databases of oracle, it was released in 2009. Since its inception, Oracle 11g has become the topic of discussions amongst the database developers and engineers, corporate that are actually utilizing and advancing their operation. Oracle 11g has well equipped with the performance oriented features, language enhancements and logical programming recommendations.
NULL Statement The NULL statement clearly specifies in action; it does nothing other than to pass control to the next statement. It can, though, improve the readability. In a
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
Exceptions An exception is the runtime error or warning condition that can be predefined or user-defined. The Predefined exceptions are raised implicitly through runtime system
Dynamic Ranges The PL/SQL lets you determine the loop range dynamically at run time, as the example below shows: SELECT COUNT(empno) INTO emp_count FROM emp; FOR i IN 1..emp_cou
IF Statement The IF statement executes a series of statement conditionally. Whether the series is executed or not depends on the value of the Boolean expression. Syntax:
On occasion, some of Brewbean's customers mistakenly leave an item out of a basket already checked out, so they create a new basket containing the missing items. However, they requ
Updating Variables For assignment, SQL uses the key word SET, as in SET X = X + 1 (read as "set X equal to X+1") rather than X: = X + 1 as found in many computer languages.
Main features of PL/SQL A good way to get familiar with PL/SQL is to look at a sample program. The below program processes an order for tennis rackets. At first, it declares a
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
Transactions in SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK, SQL has the same syntax except for START in place of BEGIN. However, START TRANSACTION is used only for outermost
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