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INTRODUCTION : It took just hundred years for cardiac surgery to advance to what it is today. Before 1896, surgeons considered heart to be "inviolable" and it was stated that operating directly on the pulsating heart can be done but the patient will not survive, In 1896, Ludwig Rehn, a German Surgeon, sutured a wound in the heart caused by stab injury. Discovery of X-ray in 1895 and electrocardiographic recording in 1924, paved the way for the better understanding of diseases of the heart. In 1929, Warner Frossman from Germany did the first right heart catheterization on himself.
Rehn and Sauerbrock from Germany did the first partial pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis (1913). Mitral stenosis was one of the earliest intra cardiac lesions to be treated surgically. Cutler and Levine (1923) using a special knife attached to the finger and Souttar is using digital dilatation were the earliest surgeons to treat mitral stenosis. However, effective closed mitral valvotomy procedures were established by Harken and Bailey in the US and Brock in UK.
Explain Sinus Venosus Defect with Partial Anomalous Venous Connection ? In this defect the atrial septal defect is situated just below the orifice of superior vena cava above
Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolism : The operation recommended is pulmonary thrombo endarterectomy. Indication : The main indication for surgery is when patients with chroni
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What is drugs? Intravenous access must be established. Although administration of drugs through a central vein is ideal in a low cardiac output situation, it is rarely possible
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