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Interesting properties of CROSS JOIN - SQL
Compare these with the "interesting properties of JOIN", CROSS JOIN is associative but not commutative. Unlike JOIN and NATURAL JOIN, CROSS JOIN is not idempotent. Let t be any table and let n be its cardinality. Then t CROSS JOIN t has twice as many columns as t and n2 rows. Also unlike JOIN, CROSS JOIN has no identity value. If t is a table, there is no table t0 such that t CROSS JOIN t0 = t. That's because t0 would be required to have no columns and exactly one row, but SQL doesn't recognize the existence of tables with no columns.
Manipulating Collections Within PL/SQL, the collections add procedural power and flexibility. The biggest benefit is that your program can compute subscripts to process the spec
At times, Brewbean's has changed the id number for existing products. In the past, they have had to add a new product row with the new id to the BB_PRODUCT table, modify all the co
FETCH Statement The FETCH statement retrieve rows of data one at a time from the result set of the multi-row query. The data is stored in fields or variables which correspond t
Parameter and Keyword Description: EXIT: An unconditional EXIT statement (i.e., one without a WHEN clause) exits the present loop instantly. The Execution resumes with th
Parameter and Keyword Description: procedure_name The user-defined procedure is declared by this construct. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter t
what are ER diagrams
Example of GROUP BY and COLLECT Operator Example: Using GROUP BY and COLLECT to obtain C_ER2 SELECT CourseId, CAST ( COLLECT (ROW (StudentId, Mark)) AS ROW (Studen
Using NOT NULL Besides assigning an initial value, the declarations can impose the NOT NULL constraint, as the example below shows: acct_id INTEGER(4) NOT NULL := 9999; You ca
IF Statement The IF statement executes a series of statement conditionally. Whether the series is executed or not depends on the value of the Boolean expression. Syntax:
Using LIMIT For nested tables, that have no maximum size, the LIMIT returns NULL. For varrays, the LIMIT returns the maximum number of elements that a varray can have (that yo
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