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Interesting properties of CROSS JOIN - SQL
Compare these with the "interesting properties of JOIN", CROSS JOIN is associative but not commutative. Unlike JOIN and NATURAL JOIN, CROSS JOIN is not idempotent. Let t be any table and let n be its cardinality. Then t CROSS JOIN t has twice as many columns as t and n2 rows. Also unlike JOIN, CROSS JOIN has no identity value. If t is a table, there is no table t0 such that t CROSS JOIN t0 = t. That's because t0 would be required to have no columns and exactly one row, but SQL doesn't recognize the existence of tables with no columns.
EXCEPTION_INIT Pragma The pragma EXCEPTION_INIT relates an exception name with an Oracle error number. Which allow you to refer to any internal exception by the name and to wri
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Example of EXCEPT Operator - SQL Example, like its counterpart in the theory book, illustrates the convenience of allowing any table expression to be the source for an INSERT
Using the Collection Methods The collection methods below help to generalize the code and make collections easier to use and also make your applications easier to maintain:
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