What are the basic steps needed to execute an instruction by the processor?

Ans: The basic steps needed to execute an instruction by the processor are:

A)    First fetch the contents of the memory location pointed to by the PC. They are loaded into the IR register.

                  IR←[[PC]]

B) Supposing that the memory is byte addressable, increment the contents of the PC by

4, that is PC← [PC} + 4

c)  In last Carry out the action specified by the instruction in the IR.

Give hardware organization of two-stage pipeline?

                                                  Inter suffer Buffer

Explained the role of cache memory in pipeline?

Ans: cache memory is used to solve the memory access problem. When cache is inserted in the processor the access time to the cache is typically the same time required to perform other basic operation inside the processor.