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Integration
We have, so far, seen that differential calculus measures the rate of change of functions. Differentiation is the process of finding the derivative (rate of change) of a function F(x) and is denoted by F'(x) Often, we may know the rate of change, F'(x) of a function F(x) which is unknown to us. In such situations we would like to find out the original function F(x) from the derivative, F'(x). Reversing the process of differentiation and finding out the original function from the derivative is called integration. The original function, F(x) is called the integral.
The left hand side of the equation is read as "the indefinite integral of f(x) with respect to x. The symbol is the integral sign, f(x) is the integrand and 'c' is an arbitrary constant. The arbitrary constant 'c' is added because of the following reason:
If d/dx {F(x)} = f(x) then we can also write that d/dx {F(x) + c} = f(x) where 'c' is an arbitrary constant, because the derivative of any constant is zero.
Example of Probability: Example: By using a die, what is the probability of rolling two 3s in a row? Solution: From the previous example, there is a 1/6 chance of
If d is the HCF of 30, 72, find the value of x & y satisfying d = 30x + 72y. (Ans:5, -2 (Not unique) Ans: Using Euclid's algorithm, the HCF (30, 72) 72 = 30 × 2 + 12
Rule 1 The logarithm of 1 to any base is 0. Proof We know that any number raised to zero equals 1. That is, a 0 = 1, where "a" takes any value. Therefore, the loga
An orange has a diameter of 3 inches. Evaluate the volume of one orange. (π = 3.14) a. 9.42 in 3 b. 113.04 in 3 c. 28.26 in 3 d. 14.13 in 3 d. To determine the
Velocity Problem : Let's look briefly at the velocity problem. Several calculus books will treat it as its own problem. . In this problem we are given a position function of an
Q. Suppose Jessica has 10 pairs of shorts and 5 pairs of jeans in her drawer. How many ways could she pick out something to wear for the day? What is the probability that she pick
AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES The mathematical sciences particularly exhibit order, symmetry, and limitation; and these are the greatest forms of the beautiful. In t
in the quadrilateral abcd,ab is 4.3,bd is 5.1,ad is 4.8.angle bdc is 20 degrees and angle c is 80 degrees.all dimentions in metres.calculate the unknown sides and angles of the plo
if A be the area of a right triangle and b be one of the sides containing the right angle, prove that the length of the altitude on the hypotenuse is 2Ab/rootb^4+4A^2
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