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Insulation between conceptual and physical structures
It can be defined as:
1. The Database Administrator should be capable to vary the storage structures without affecting users' views.
2. The internal structure of the database should be unaffected by the varies to the physical aspects of the storage, like changing to a new storage device.
3. The DBA should be able to vary the conceptual structure of the database without affecting all users.
What is equi join? Equi Join - It generates all the combinations of tuples from two relations which satisfy a join condition along with only equality comparison (=).
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what is Lossless-join decomposition
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Which operator is used to compare a value to a list of literals values that have been specified? BETWEEN operator is used to compare a value to a list of literals values that h
What is Alternate Key Alternate Key: This is the candidate key which is not taken as the primary key of the table. They are named so because although not the primary key, the
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Group By clauses • It is used to group database tuples on the basis of definite common attribute value like as employees of a department. WHERE clause still can be used
Performance of Various Concurrency Control Mechanisms
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