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Insulation between conceptual and physical structures
It can be defined as:
1. The Database Administrator should be capable to vary the storage structures without affecting users' views.
2. The internal structure of the database should be unaffected by the varies to the physical aspects of the storage, like changing to a new storage device.
3. The DBA should be able to vary the conceptual structure of the database without affecting all users.
Describe the Composite Key Composite Key: Sometimes one key is not enough to uniquely recognize a row. E.g. in a single class Roll is enough to search a student, but in the w
Concurrency issues Data integrity: Threads accessing same object need to be synchronized, such as: banking account. Deadlock: One or more threads in system are perman
A collection of a same kind of entities is known as an Entity Set or entity type. Example: For the COLLEGE database defines earlier objects of concern are Students, Faculty,
The PROJECT operation The project operation is used to choose the records with specified attributes as discarding the others based on some related criteria. This is denotes as ∏
notes about update opreation
I have to create a database about anything of my choice. It has to contain 4 queries, and 4 forms. It can be anything as simple as a shoe inventory with numbers - is this a service
write-set(T): Each data items that are written by a transaction T
Hardware failure : Hardware failures are the failures when some disk or hardware chip fails. This may result in loss of data. One such trouble can be that a disk gets damaged and
While sorting, if the main storage available is not enough, the system writes data to an external help file. The SAP profile parameter, which determines DIR_SORTTMP
The database will enable college administrators the ability to track students initial major. This will help college officials decide how best to prepare students for their goals an
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