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Insulation between conceptual and physical structures
It can be defined as:
1. The Database Administrator should be capable to vary the storage structures without affecting users' views.
2. The internal structure of the database should be unaffected by the varies to the physical aspects of the storage, like changing to a new storage device.
3. The DBA should be able to vary the conceptual structure of the database without affecting all users.
Heap files (unordered file) Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have
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What is the aim of logical schema ? The main motive of the logical schema is to ensure the portability of procedures and models on various physical schemas at runtime.
One-way Associations If an association is only traversed in single direction, then it is known as one-way association. It is implemented as a pointer or an attribute which con
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