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Insulation between conceptual and physical structures
It can be defined as:
1. The Database Administrator should be capable to vary the storage structures without affecting users' views.
2. The internal structure of the database should be unaffected by the varies to the physical aspects of the storage, like changing to a new storage device.
3. The DBA should be able to vary the conceptual structure of the database without affecting all users.
recovey techniques based on deferred update and immediate update
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
distributed quey processing
The database is to record information about artists for a (music) production company. An artist is the name of a singer or band; the name of the artist, the year the artist started
Define granularity, hierarchy of granularity of locks & multiple granularity locking. Explain the modified two phase locking along with multiple granularity locking. Ans: The s
Explain Two phase locking protocol A transaction is consider as to follow the two-phase locking protocol if all locking operations precede the first unlock operation in the tra
Define average seek time. The average seek time is the average of the seek times, calculated over a sequence of random requests.
What are composite attributes? Composite attributes can be separated in to sub parts.
Conversion of entity sets: I) For every strong entity type E in the ER diagram, we make a relation R containing all the easy attributes of E. The relation R pri
Describe a technique for direct search? Explain how data is stored within a file so which direct searching can be performed. For a file of unordered fixed length records by u
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