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INPUT-OUTPUT SECTION:
This section holds information regarding the files to be used in the program. There are 2 paragraphs in this section- FILE-CONTROL & I-O-CONTROL.
The FILE-CONTROL is used almost in every program. Below are some of the entries of the FILE-CONTROL paragraph. The Input-Output section is elective in many computers.
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the indexed files: The common format for the SELECT clause for a file is as shown below: SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor -name
PROGRAM FOR SUBTRACT VERB: We have to write a simple program to elaborate the SUBTRACT verb. You can also use edit characters in the program. Identification division. Pr
BLANK WHEN ZERO: BLANK WHEN ZERO is an editing clause that may be used along with a picture. This will set the whole data item to blanks of its value is equal to zero. Though,
Abbreviation: The Consecutive relational conditions in a compound condition can be abbreviated in many cases as shown: (i) When the subjects in the consecutive relational c
RENAMES CLAUSE: At times re-grouping of an elementary data items in a record may be essential so that they can belong to the original as well as to the latest group. This is o
Point Location: The position of the decimal point is the other characteristic which can be specified in the case of the numeric data items. If the position is not specified, t
Illustration of Renames clause: In the illustration, PAT-OTHER-THAN-BASIC will become a fresh group consisting of DEARNESS-ALLOWANCE, HOUSE-RENT & MTHLY-INCENTIVE. Keep in min
Example of Level numbers - cobol programming: To explain the hierarchical structure introduced above, the concept of the level number is employed in COBOL. The most broad
MULTI-DIMENSIONAL TABLES: The type of table which has been considered above is known as one-dimensional table. Whenever a table is such that each of its elements in turn is a
COBOL Words: The COBOL word can be formed by using the characters as shown below: 0-9 A-Z (a-z) - (hyphen) The rules below should be hold in forming the COBOL words.
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