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Initializing Records
The illustration below shows that you can initialize a record in its type definition. Whenever you declare a record of the type TimeRec, its 3 fields suppose an initial value of zero.
DECLARE
TYPE TimeRec IS RECORD (
secs SMALLINT := 0,
mins SMALLINT := 0,
hrs SMALLINT := 0);
The illustration later shows that you can impose the NOT NULL constraint on any field, and so avoid the assigning of nulls to that field. The Fields declared as NOT NULL should be initialized.
TYPE StockItem IS RECORD (
item_no INTEGER(3) NOT NULL := 999,
description VARCHAR2(50),
quantity INTEGER,
price REAL(7,2));
Advantages of Subprograms The Subprograms give extensibility; that is, tailor the PL/SQL language to suit your requirements. For illustration, if you require a procedure which
Manipulating Local Collections Within PL/SQL, to manipulate the local collection, by using the TABLE and CAST operators . The operands of CAST are a collection declared locally
Error Handling The PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process the predefined and user-defined error conditions known as exceptions. Whenever an error occurs, an exception is ra
Manipulating Collections Within PL/SQL, the collections add procedural power and flexibility. The biggest benefit is that your program can compute subscripts to process the spec
Closing a Cursor The CLOSE statements disable the cursor, and the result set becomes undefined. An illustration of the CLOSE statement as shown: CLOSE c1;
Implicit Cursor Attributes The Implicit cursor attributes returns the information about the execution of an INSERT, DELETE, UPDATE, or SELECT INTO statement. The cursor attribu
Logical Connectives - SQL SQL's extended truth tables in which the symbol, for unknown, appears along with the usual T and F. Negation (NOT, ¬) Conjunction (
Advantages of Wrapping The PL/SQL Wrapper convert the PL/SQL source code into a transitional form of the object code. By hiding the application internals, the Wrapper secure
Pass the nulls to a dynamic SQL: Passing Nulls: Assume that you want to pass the nulls to a dynamic SQL statement. For illustration, you may write the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE
Literature review
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