Indeterminacy in sql, PL-SQL Programming

Assignment Help:

Indeterminacy in SQL

Some SQL expressions are actually not function invocations at all in the mathematical sense, being indeterminate-invocations operating on identical input do not always yield the same value. The indeterminate expressions are among those that the standard defines as possibly non-deterministic, but- caveat lector-not all expressions defined as possibly non-deterministic are actually indeterminate from a mathematical viewpoint. For example, the key word USER denotes the userid (officially, the authorization identifier) of the session in which an expression containing that key word is evaluated. Such an expression is defined as possibly non-deterministic by virtue of the appearance of USER, even though invocations in different sessions, in which USER stands for different userids, are clearly different invocations.

For a more general example, a user-defined function can be explicitly declared as either DETERMINISTIC or NOT DETERMINISTIC. In the latter case the "function" is flagged such that all invocations of it are treated as possibly non-deterministic. Regardless of the appropriateness of the term non-deterministic, there is a good reason for categorizing references to the current user (or, for another example, the current time) along with genuine cases of indeterminacy. It concerns constraint declarations. We clearly want to outlaw a constraint condition whose result, when evaluated, depends on the properties of the session in which, or on the time at which, the evaluation takes place. Of course we must also outlaw genuinely indeterminate conditions-a database might satisfy such a condition but later fail to satisfy it even though the database has not been updated in the meantime! The question then arises as to how it is possible for indeterminacy to arise: surely a computer program always gives the same result when invoked with the same input?


Related Discussions:- Indeterminacy in sql

Table comparison - sql, Table Comparison - SQL The following definitio...

Table Comparison - SQL The following definitions for relation comparisons: Let r1 and r2 be relations having the same heading. Then: r1 ⊆ r2 is true if every tuple of r1

I need sql data base, I need SQL Data Base Project Description: Netwo...

I need SQL Data Base Project Description: Network SQL database and SQL Setup two 4 workstation Skills required are Data Entry, MySQL, SQL

What are decision support systems, (a) What are decision support systems, a...

(a) What are decision support systems, and what role do they play in the business environment? (b) Data warehousing is defined as "a subject-oriented, integrated, non-volatile c

Pl/sql assignment, 1. a. Write a trigger that fires when a part's price...

1. a. Write a trigger that fires when a part's price is updated. The trigger will write a record into a table called PriceUpdates. The record should contain the information of

Theory of eternity of life - origin of life, THEO R Y OF ETERNITY OF LIFE...

THEO R Y OF ETERNITY OF LIFE (PRAYER - 1880) - The theory of eternity of life, also called the steady-state theory , states that life has ever been in existence as at presen

Use the pls_integer datatype - performance of application, Use the PLS_INTE...

Use the PLS_INTEGER Datatype When you require to declare an integer variable, use the datatype PLS_INTEGER that is the most efficient numeric type. That is as the PLS_INTEGER

Collection methods in pl sql, Collection Methods:   The collection me...

Collection Methods:   The collection method is a built-in function or procedure which operates on the collections and is called using the dot notation. The methods like the C

Sql, If two relations R and S are joined, then the non matching tuples of b...

If two relations R and S are joined, then the non matching tuples of both R and S are ignored in __________________.

Data types in sql - decimal, Data Types in SQL - Decimal DECIMAL, NUME...

Data Types in SQL - Decimal DECIMAL, NUMERIC, REAL, FLOAT and various other terms for various sets of rational numbers. When these key words are specified for the declared typ

Keyword and parameter description in pl sql, Keyword and Parameter Descript...

Keyword and Parameter Description: label_name: This is an undeclared identifier which optionally labels the PL/SQL block. When used, label_name should be enclosed by the do

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd