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Inconsistent Analysis: The problem as given with transactions T1 and T2 where two transactions interleave to make incorrect result during an analysis by Audit is the instance of such a problem. This problem happens when more than one data items are being used for analysis, whereas another transaction has modified some of that value and some are yet to be modified. Therefore, an analysis transaction reads values from the inconsistent state of the database those results in inconsistent analysis.
Therefore, we can conclude that the prime reason of troubles of concurrent transactions is that a transaction reads an inconsistent state of the database that has been formed by other transaction.
But how do we ensure that implementation of two or more transactions have not resulted in a concurrency related problem?
Well one of the commonest techniques used for this purpose is to restrict access to data items that are being written or read by single transaction and is being written by another transaction. This technique is known as locking.
For every n-ary relationship type R where n>2, we make a new table S to represent R. We contain as foreign key attributes in s the primary keys of the relations that show the parti
write-set(T): Each data items that are written by a transaction T
When It is better to use files than a DBMS? It is better to use files than a DBMS when Multiple users wish to access the data.
Multi-list file Organisation Multi-list file organisation is a multi-index linked file organisation. A linked file organisation is a logical organisation where physical orderin
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Synonyms It allows short names or alternative names for objects. Example : CREATE SYNONYM D30 FOR EMPD30; Now if we give command:
If the insertion violates one or more constraints, then two alternatives are available: Default option: - Insertion can be discarded and the reason of refusal can also be ex
i need help with creating database system for a library
Heap files (unordered file) Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have
A set of possible data values is called? A set of possible data values is called as domain.
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