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Inconsistent Analysis: The problem as given with transactions T1 and T2 where two transactions interleave to make incorrect result during an analysis by Audit is the instance of such a problem. This problem happens when more than one data items are being used for analysis, whereas another transaction has modified some of that value and some are yet to be modified. Therefore, an analysis transaction reads values from the inconsistent state of the database those results in inconsistent analysis.
Therefore, we can conclude that the prime reason of troubles of concurrent transactions is that a transaction reads an inconsistent state of the database that has been formed by other transaction.
But how do we ensure that implementation of two or more transactions have not resulted in a concurrency related problem?
Well one of the commonest techniques used for this purpose is to restrict access to data items that are being written or read by single transaction and is being written by another transaction. This technique is known as locking.
When It is better to use files than a DBMS? It is better to use files than a DBMS when Multiple users wish to access the data.
Partial Key : It is a group of attributes that can uniquely identify small entities and that are related to same base entity. It is sometime named as Discriminator. Altern
Timestamps For Read operations: If TS (T) If TS (T) >= W-timestamp (Q), then the transaction T is trying to read a value of data item Q which has been written and committed
Problem 1. Write the SQL queries using Data Manipulation Language (DML) statements. Insert values into student table with field names using insert command Display the
Hashed File Organisation Hashing is the most common form of purely random access to a database or file. It is also used to access columns that do not have an index as an optimi
folding method and mid square method using visual basic
A collection of a same kind of entities is known as an Entity Set or entity type. Example: For the COLLEGE database defines earlier objects of concern are Students, Faculty,
Designing the fields in the data base The following are the considerations one has to remain in mind while designing the fields in the data base. Coding, compression, en
What is deadlock? Neither of the transaction can ever proceed with its normal implementation. This situation is known as deadlock.
What is object identity? An object retains its identity even if some or all the values of variables or explanations of methods change overtime.
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