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IN OUT Mode
An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts such an initialized variable. And hence, it can be assigned a value and its value can be assigned to the other variable. The actual parameter which corresponds to an IN OUT formal parameter should be a variable; it cannot be a constant or an expression. When you exit a subprogram effectively, the PL/SQL assigns values to the actual parameters. Though, if you exit with an unhandled exception, the PL/SQL does not assign values to the actual parameters.
Using the FORALL Statement The keyword FORALL instruct the PL/SQL engine to bulk-bind input collections before sending them all to the SQL engine. Though the FORALL statement
Stored Subprograms Normally, tools (like Oracle Forms) which incorporate the PL/SQL engine can store subprograms locally for later, strictly local execution. Though, to become
Assignment Source Not a Literal - Variable Syntax: SET SN = SID (SUBSTRING (SN.C FROM 1 FOR 1)||'5');
Read-Only Operator (+) - SQL The term read-only operator to the mathematical term function. Here I just need to add that the SQL standard reserves the term function for read-
Advantages of Subprograms The Subprograms give extensibility; that is, tailor the PL/SQL language to suit your requirements. For illustration, if you require a procedure which
Rephrase Conditional Control Statements When computing a logical expression, the PL/SQL uses short-circuit evaluation. That is, the PL/SQL stops evaluating the expression as s
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
Advantages of Packages The benefits of the Packages are as shown below: Modularity The Packages encapsulate logically associated items, types, and subprograms in the
Case Sensitivity Similar to all the identifiers, the variables, the names of constants, and parameters are not case sensitive. For illustration, PL/SQL considers the following n
Parameter and Keyword Description: select_item: This select_item is a value returned by the SELECT statement, and then assigned to the equivalent variable or field in the
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