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IN OUT Mode
An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts such an initialized variable. And hence, it can be assigned a value and its value can be assigned to the other variable. The actual parameter which corresponds to an IN OUT formal parameter should be a variable; it cannot be a constant or an expression. When you exit a subprogram effectively, the PL/SQL assigns values to the actual parameters. Though, if you exit with an unhandled exception, the PL/SQL does not assign values to the actual parameters.
User-Defined Exceptions The PL/SQL defines the exceptions of your own. Dissimilar to the predefined exceptions, the user-defined exceptions should be declared and should be rai
Blocks: The fundamental program unit in the PL/SQL is the block. The PL/SQL block is defined by the keywords BEGIN, DECLARE, EXCEPTION, and END. These keywords partition the b
IN Operator The operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below do
Committing and Rolling Back The COMMIT and ROLLBACK end the active autonomous transaction but do not exit the autonomous routine. As the figure shows, if one transaction ends,
Defining Autonomous Transactions To define an autonomous transaction, you use the pragma (compiler directive) AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION. The pragma instructs the PL/SQL compiler
Error Handling The PL/SQL makes it easy to detect and process the predefined and user-defined error conditions known as exceptions. Whenever an error occurs, an exception is ra
Map and Order Methods: The values of the scalar datatype like CHAR or REAL have a predefined order that allows them to be compared. While, the instances of an object type has
Third Step at defining type SID in SQL CREATE DOMAIN SID AS VARCHAR(5) CHECK ( VALUE IS NOT NULL AND SUBSTRING(VALUE FROM 1 FOR 1) = 'S' AND CAST('+'||SUBSTRING(VALUE
Pl/SQL Expressions The Expressions are constructed by using the operands and operators. An operand is a constant, literal, variable, or function call which contributes a value
Restriction and AND - SQL Restriction is available via the WHERE operator, and so it is in SQL. However, by Example showing how a certain simple restriction can be expressed u
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