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IN OUT Mode
An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts such an initialized variable. And hence, it can be assigned a value and its value can be assigned to the other variable. The actual parameter which corresponds to an IN OUT formal parameter should be a variable; it cannot be a constant or an expression. When you exit a subprogram effectively, the PL/SQL assigns values to the actual parameters. Though, if you exit with an unhandled exception, the PL/SQL does not assign values to the actual parameters.
Referencing Records Unlike the elements in a collection, that are accessed using subscripts, the fields in a record are accessed by name. To reference an individual field, you
Procedures The procedure is a subprogram which performs a specific action. You write procedures using the syntax as shown below: PROCEDURE name [(parameter[, parameter, .
Declaring Subprograms You can declare subprograms in any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package. But, you should declare subprograms at the end of the declarative part after a
Collections: The collection is an ordered group of elements, all of similar type (for illustration, the grades for a class of students). Each element has an exclusive subsc
Using FOR UPDATE If you declare a cursor which will be referenced in the CURRENT OF clause of an UPDATE or DELETE statement, you should use the FOR UPDATE clause to obtain an
Example of ADD CONSTRAINT in SQL Example: Alternative formulation for MAX_ENROLMENTS ALTER TABLE IS_ENROLLED_ON ADD CONSTRAINT MAX_ENROLMENTS CHECK ((SELECT COUNT (*)
Using LOCK TABLE You use the LOCK TABLE statement to lock the whole database tables in the specified lock mode so that you can share or deny the access to them. For illustrati
Parameter Modes: You do not require to specify a parameter mode for the input bind arguments (those used, for illustration, in the WHERE clause) as the mode defaults to IN. Th
IN Operator The operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below do
Write a cursor to open an employee database and fetch the employee record whose age is greater than 45
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