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IN OUT Mode
An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts such an initialized variable. And hence, it can be assigned a value and its value can be assigned to the other variable. The actual parameter which corresponds to an IN OUT formal parameter should be a variable; it cannot be a constant or an expression. When you exit a subprogram effectively, the PL/SQL assigns values to the actual parameters. Though, if you exit with an unhandled exception, the PL/SQL does not assign values to the actual parameters.
Information Hiding With the information hiding, you see only the details that are significant at a given level of algorithm and data structure design. The Information hiding
Authorisations - Privileges As relational theory is silent on the issue of authorisation, it offers nothing with which SQL's vast edifice in support of what it calls privilege
Advantages of Packages The benefits of the Packages are as shown below: Modularity The Packages encapsulate logically associated items, types, and subprograms in the
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
Use the RETURNING Clause Frequently, the application requires information about the row affected by a SQL operation, for illustration, to produce a report or take a subsequent
Package STANDARD package named STANDARD defines the PL/SQL atmosphere. The package specification globally declares the exceptions, types, and subprograms that are available a
Declaring Cursor Variables Once a REF CURSOR type is define by you, and then you can declare the cursor variables of that type in any PL/SQL block or subprogram. In the exampl
EXIT-WHEN The EXIT-WHEN statement permits a loop to complete conditionally. Whenever the EXIT statement is encountered, the condition in the WHEN clause is computed. When the co
Advantages of Invoker Rights The Invoker-rights routines centralize the data retrieval. They are particularly helpful in applications which store data in various schemas. In su
Using TRIM This process has two forms. The TRIM removes an element from the end of the collection. The TRIM(n) removes the n elements from the end of the collection. For e.g.
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