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IN OUT Mode
An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts such an initialized variable. And hence, it can be assigned a value and its value can be assigned to the other variable. The actual parameter which corresponds to an IN OUT formal parameter should be a variable; it cannot be a constant or an expression. When you exit a subprogram effectively, the PL/SQL assigns values to the actual parameters. Though, if you exit with an unhandled exception, the PL/SQL does not assign values to the actual parameters.
Avoiding Collection Exceptions In many cases, if you reference a nonexistent collection element, then PL/SQL raises a predefined exception. Consider the illustration shown b
Dynamic SQL: The Most PL/SQL programs do a predictable, specific job. For illustration, a stored procedure may accept an employee number and salary increase, and then update t
Updating Objects: To change the attributes of objects in an object table, you can use the UPDATE statement, as the illustration below shows: BEGIN UPDATE persons p SET p
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Using EXTEND To enlarge the size of a collection, use EXTEND. This process has 3 forms. The EXTEND appends one null element to a collection. And the EXTEND(n) appends n null e
OUT Mode An OUT parameter returns values to the caller of a subprogram. Within the subprogram, an OUT parameter act like a variable. That means that you can use an OUT formal
Functions The function is a subprogram which can take parameters and be invoked. Normally, you can use a function to calculate a value. The function has 2 sections: the specifi
SELECT INTO Statement The SELECT INTO statement retrieve data from one or more database tables, and then assigns the selected values to the variables or fields. Syntax:
Packages The package is a schema object which groups logically associated to the PL/SQL items, types, and subprograms. The Packages have 2 sections: the specification & the bod
Tables within a Table - SQL Figure here is an exact copy of the one in the theory book and as before it is just an alternative way of representing some of the information con
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