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IN OperatorThe operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below does not delete the rows in which the ename column is null:DELETE FROM emp WHERE ename IN (NULL, ’KING’, ’FORD’);Moreover, the expressions of the formvalue NOT IN setyield FALSE when the set contains a null. For illustration, instead of deleting the rows in which the ename column is not null and not ’KING’, the statement below deletes no rows:DELETE FROM emp WHERE ename NOT IN (NULL, ’KING’);Concatenation OperatorThe Double vertical bars (||) serve as the concatenation operator that appends one string to another. For illustration, the expression’suit’ || ’case’returns the value as shown below:’suitcase’If both the operands have datatype CHAR, the concatenation operator returns a CHAR value. Or else, it returns a VARCHAR2 value.
Parameter and Keyword Description: dynamic_string: This is a string variable, literal, or expression which represents a SQL statement or the PL/SQL block. define_vari
Example of Shorthand for a row constraint Example: Shorthand for a row constraint ALTER TABLE EXAM_MARK ADD CONSTRAINT Mark_in_range CHECK (Mark BETWEEN 0 AND 100);
Table Literals - SQL One might expect SQL to support table literals in the manner illustrated in Example 2.2, but in fact that is not a legal SQL expression. Example: Not a
Substitution and Instantiation - SQL It shows how NULL might appear in substitution for a parameter of a predicate and how it might thus participate in instantiation of that p
Cursor Variables: To execute the multi-row query, the Oracle opens an unnamed work region that stores the processing information. You can use an explicit cursor that names
Using NOT NULL Besides assigning an initial value, the declarations can impose the NOT NULL constraint, as the example below shows: acct_id INTEGER(4) NOT NULL := 9999; You ca
Manipulating Local Collections Within PL/SQL, to manipulate the local collection, by using the TABLE and CAST operators . The operands of CAST are a collection declared locally
Write a cursor to open an employee database and fetch the employee record whose age is greater than 45
Parameter & Keyword Description: function_name: The user-defined function is identifying by that keyword. parameter_name: This identifies the formal parameter that
Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
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