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IN Mode
An IN parameter pass the values to the subprogram being called. Within the subprogram, an IN parameter acts like a constant. And hence, it cannot be assigned a value. For illustration, the assignment statement below causes a compilation error:
PROCEDURE debit_account (acct_id IN INTEGER, amount IN REAL) IS
minimum_purchase CONSTANT REAL DEFAULT 10.0;
service_charge CONSTANT REAL DEFAULT 0.50;
BEGIN
IF amount < minimum_purchase THEN
amount := amount + service_charge; -- causes compilation error
END IF;
...
END debit_account;
The actual parameter that correspond to an IN formal parameter can be a literal, constant, initialized variable, or expression. Dissimilar OUT and IN OUT parameters, the IN parameters can be initialized to default values.
IS NULL Operator The IS NULL operator returns the Boolean value TRUE whenever its operand is null or FALSE if it is not null. The comparisons including the nulls always yield NU
Hi,am developing a library system and relating all the table is somehow complex,could you kindly assist me
Blocks: The fundamental program unit in the PL/SQL is the block. The PL/SQL block is defined by the keywords BEGIN, DECLARE, EXCEPTION, and END. These keywords partition the b
%FOUND Subsequent to a cursor or cursor variable is opened but before the first fetch, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, it yields TRUE when the last fetch returned a row, or
At times, customers make mistakes in submitting their orders and call to cancel the order. Brewbean’s wants to create a trigger that automatically updates the stock level of all pr
Explicit Cursor Attributes The cursor variable or each cursor has four attributes: %FOUND, %ISOPEN, %ROWCOUNT, and %NOTFOUND. When appended to the cursor or cursor variable, th
Using a Host Variable You can declare the cursor variable in the PL/SQL host environment like an OCI or Pro C program. To use the cursor variable, you should pass it as a host
Relational Operators The relational operators permit you to compare randomly complex expressions. The list below provides the meaning of each operator:
Use External Routines The PL/SQL is particular for the SQL transaction processing. Therefore, several tasks are more quickly completed in a lower-level language like C that is
MECHANISTI S THEORY-HAECKEL (1866) - Haeckel stating that after each catalysm, some new organism suddenly forms as a chance event in one stride from inanimate matter and sub
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