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IN Mode
An IN parameter pass the values to the subprogram being called. Within the subprogram, an IN parameter acts like a constant. And hence, it cannot be assigned a value. For illustration, the assignment statement below causes a compilation error:
PROCEDURE debit_account (acct_id IN INTEGER, amount IN REAL) IS
minimum_purchase CONSTANT REAL DEFAULT 10.0;
service_charge CONSTANT REAL DEFAULT 0.50;
BEGIN
IF amount < minimum_purchase THEN
amount := amount + service_charge; -- causes compilation error
END IF;
...
END debit_account;
The actual parameter that correspond to an IN formal parameter can be a literal, constant, initialized variable, or expression. Dissimilar OUT and IN OUT parameters, the IN parameters can be initialized to default values.
Explicit Cursors The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns
Collection Methods: The collection method is a built-in function or procedure which operates on the collections and is called using the dot notation. The methods like the C
Example of UNWRAP Operator - SQL Example here shows how unwrapping can be done in longhand in SQL. Example: Unwrapping in SQL Letting CONTACT_INFO_WRAPPED denote the res
Understanding Varrays The Items of type VARRAY are termed as the varrays. They permit you to relate a single identifier with the whole collection. This relationship lets you man
Create a view named CustomerAddresses that shows the shipping and billing addresses for each customer in the MyGuitarShop database. This view should return these columns from the
The SQL ‘CREATE TABLE' scripts for all the tables you have implemented. Note that your tables must correspond exactly to the ERD you have provided in 1. above, or you will lose ma
Using the Collection Methods The collection methods below help to generalize the code and make collections easier to use and also make your applications easier to maintain:
Committing and Rolling Back The COMMIT and ROLLBACK end the active autonomous transaction but do not exit the autonomous routine. As the figure shows, if one transaction ends,
Name Resolution In potentially uncertain SQL statements, the names of the database columns take precedence over the names of the local variables and formal parameters. For e.g.
Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1; Select 5 columns and all rows from one table Query: SELECT C_ID, COMPANY, BUILDING, DEPARTMENT, BRANCH FROM CONTRACT;
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