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IN Mode
An IN parameter pass the values to the subprogram being called. Within the subprogram, an IN parameter acts like a constant. And hence, it cannot be assigned a value. For illustration, the assignment statement below causes a compilation error:
PROCEDURE debit_account (acct_id IN INTEGER, amount IN REAL) IS
minimum_purchase CONSTANT REAL DEFAULT 10.0;
service_charge CONSTANT REAL DEFAULT 0.50;
BEGIN
IF amount < minimum_purchase THEN
amount := amount + service_charge; -- causes compilation error
END IF;
...
END debit_account;
The actual parameter that correspond to an IN formal parameter can be a literal, constant, initialized variable, or expression. Dissimilar OUT and IN OUT parameters, the IN parameters can be initialized to default values.
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IN OUT Mode An IN OUT parameter passes initial values to the subprogram being called and return efficient values to the caller. Within the subprogram, an IN OUT parameter acts
IN Operator The operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below do
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