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Improved Reliability:In a centralised DBMS, a server failure stops the operations of the DBMS. Though, a failure at single site of a DDBMS, or a failure of a communication link creation some sites inaccessible, does not make the whole system inoperable. Distributed DBMSs are designed to continue to function despite such as failures. In particular, if data are replicated in various sites, a transaction requiring a particular data item may find it at various sites. Therefore, the failure of a site does not necessarily imply the shutdown of the system.
The failure of one site must be identified by the system, and appropriate action may be required to recover from the failure. The system has no longer used the services of the failed site. At last, when the failed site recovers or is repaired, mechanisms have to be available to integrate it smoothly back into the system. The recovery from failure in distributed systems is much more difficult than in a centralised system.
How does Oracle act as ODBC and give examples of front end uses with ODBC? ODBC achieve portability at the level of the executable by introducing an extra level of indirection.
Define the step - Rearranging the Execution Order for Efficiency As we know that algorithm and data structure are closely related to one another, but data structure is conside
Load sample data into the database tables design and test queries to return the following information • All rows and columns for employees • All rows and columns for customers •
Which is a legal expression in SQL? SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEE is a legal expression in SQL.
The First Normal Form (1NF) Let us first describe 1NF: Definition: A relation (table) is in 1NF if 1. There are no duplicate tuples or rows in the relation. 2.
A field-groups statement or an insert statement reverses storage space and transfers values. False.
Explain Instance and schemas? Instances and schemas: Databases changes over time as the information is deleted and inserted. The collection of information stored in database
Fourth Normal Form (4NF) When attributes in a relation have multi-valued dependency, further Normalization to 4NF and 5NF are needed. Let us first find out what multi-valued d
Define the terms 1) physical schema 2) logical schema. Physical schema: The physical schema explains the database design at the physical level, which is the lowest lev
What is known as sequential file organization? In the sequential file organization, the records are kept in sequential order, according to the value of a "search key" of every
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