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Improved performance:As the data is located near the site of its demand, and given the inherent parallelism because of multiple copies, speed of database access may be good for distributed databases than that of the speed that is achievable by a remote centralised database. Also, since every site handles only a part of the whole database, there may not be the similar contention for CPU and I/O services as characterized by a centralised DBMS.
Give the forms of triggers? The triggering event can be insert or delete. For updated the trigger can state columns. The referencing old row as clause The referencing
Discuss The difference between drop table R and delete from R. DROP TABLE command deletes all the records with the table definition. This command will automatically committed
Give the general form of SQL query? Select A1, A2............., An From R1, R2..............., Rm Where P
Objectives After reading this unit you should be able to: Explain storage of databases on hard disks; Discuss the execution of various file Organisation techniques;
How does a query tree represent a relational algebra expression? Discuss any three rules for query optimisation, giving example as to when should each rule be applied. Ans
Sequences Sequences: Automatically produce unique numbers Are sharable Are typically used to make a primary key value Replace application code Speed up t
Problem: (a) Given the following relation: Stats(Name,Sex,Children, Occupation, Salary, Tax, Audits) Write SQL code to define the following security constraints: (i) User
What are the three data anomalies that are similarly to take place as a result of data redundancy? Can data redundancy be completely eliminated in database approach? Why or why n
System error :These contain errors in database system or the OS, example, deadlocks.Such errors are fairly hard to detect and need reprogramming the erroneous components of the sys
What is the used of specifying alias? Specifying alias: is used to rename column or attribute in a table.
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