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How could we implement locks? No matter how we choose to implement them, we must have some hardware support. One possibility for implementing locks on a uniprocessor machine is is to disable interrupts when testing/setting locks. With interrupts disabled on a single processor machine, the processor cannot switch processes, and so we can guarantee that only the active process will have access to the shared data. Another option would be to make use of atomic operations, such as test and set. This type of operation (which usually corresponds to a single atomic assembly instruction) behaves as if it used the following C function, atomically:
int test_and_set(int x) // let x be strictly either 0 or 1.{if (x) { return 1; } else { x=1; return 0; }}
All this needs to be implemented atomically, in hardware. Using this type of atomic operation, one could implement thread lock(l) simply as while test_and_set(l) {
; // do nothing} // spinlock version of thread_lock()and thread unlock(l) simply asl = 0; // we need this to be an atomic clear (or assign) instruction
The assembly instruction test and set can bemade to be atomic acrossmultiple processors. An equivalent option would be an atomic compare and swap assembly instruction. These low-level hardware solutions are then built up into high-level functions, either built into the languages, or in libraries. In general, do not implement your own locking functions, but rather use functions from a tested library. Getting things right can be tricky, and your own solution is also likely to be non-portable.
What are threads? A thread is alike to sequential programs. Single threads have a beginning, sequence and end. At any given point in time during the runtime of the thread there
Q. Which of the subsequent programming techniques and structures are good for a demand-paged environment? Which aren't good? Describe your answers. a. Stack b. Hashed symbol
shell program for Armstrong number
What are the advantages of Linked allocation? The benefits are a. No external fragmentation b. Size of the file does not require to be declared
idle thread The special thread a dispatcher will run when no ready thread is found. The primary purpose of the idle process and its threads is to remove what would otherwise b
Q. What are the five main activities of an operating system in regard to process management? Answer: a. The creation as well as deletion of both user and system processes
Define memory management In multiprogramming system the user part of memory should be further subdivided to accommodate multiple processes. The task of subdivision is carried o
Describe the differences between symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing. What are three advantages and one disadvantage of multiprocessor systems? Symmetric multiprocessing t
Developing Code with Threads Writing code to support a thread-based implementation is very straightforward. Simple APIs are presented to the developer for each threads package.
ADVANTAGES AND INCONVENIENCES OF KLT Advantages: the kernel be able to simultaneously schedule many threads of the same process on many processors blocking
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