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Illustration of Subtract verb:
(a) SUBTRACT A FROM B.
This illustration means that the value of A will be subtracted from the value of B and the subtracted result will be stored in B. The decimal point alignment will be completed automatically.
(b) SUBTRACT A, B FROM C.
This one represents that the value of B and A will be added and the resultant sum will be subtracted from the value of C. After subtraction, the concluding result will be stored in C. The older value of C will be lost.
(c) SUBTRACT A, B FROM C GIVING D.
This represents that the summation of the value of A & B will be subtracted from the value of C and the last result will be stored in D. The older value of D will be lost while in this situation C retains the older value.
(d) SUBTRACT 15 FROM A B.
At this point the number 15 will be subtracted from the values of A & B. The A & B will obtain these new values. As in the situation of the ADD statement, here also the last-named operand should not be a literal as the last result will be stored there. If the GIVING option is used, then identifier-3, identifier-4 etc. can also be the numeric literals. For illustration, SUBTRACT A B FROM 50 GIVING C.
Size: The number of characters or digits needed to store the data item in the memory in termed as the Size of the data item. All the 4 general characteristics explained can
RULES FOR OCCURS CLAUSE: The rules apply for the OCCURS clause and the subscripts are as shown below. (1) The integer in the OCCURS clause should be a positive integer.
SUBTRACT VERB: The SUBTRACT verb is used to subtract one, or the sum of two or more numbers from one or more numbers and to store the result. The form of the SUBTRACT verb
Picture Clause: The picture clause explains the general characteristics of an elementary data item. These characteristics are elaborated below: Class: In COBOL the
Encryption and Decryption
DIVIDE VERB: The aim of the DIVIDE verb is to divide one number by the other and to store the result. There are few forms of this verb. One of its forms is as shown below:
scope of marginal costing
we have input file ,record layout is EMP ID (6 char) , EMP NAME (20 char), Designation (3 char),Salary (5 digit) Base Branch (10char) Grade (3 Alphanumeric). This is the input file
SIMPLE MERGE VERB: Like sorting, the merging of files is often required in different commercial application. It is likely to merge two or more files with the help of one MERGE
PROGRAM FOR SIZE ERROR: We have to write an easy program to elaborate the size error option. Identification division. Program- id. sizeerr. Environment division.
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