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Q. Illustrate Frequency-shift keying?
Digital transmission by FSK is a nonlinear modulation method that is appropriate for channels that lack the phase stability needed to perform carrier-phase estimation. Figure shows the functions of a coherent FSK system in which the transmitted signal sFSK(t) is generated by frequency modulation of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The digital signal d(t) has a polar format with amplitudes ±1, corresponding to binary digits 1 and 0, respectively.Modulation keys the VCO's angular frequency between two values, such that
where ω is the frequency deviation from a nominal or carrier angular frequency ωc. In order to conserve the bandwidth in the signal sFSK(t), ω is usually selected not much larger than the minimum allowable value given by
When Equation is satisfied, the bandwidth of the channel needed to support sFSK(t)is about 2ωb rad/s. The transmitted signal in Figure can be seen to be two unipolar ASK signals in parallel, one at carrier frequency ω2 and the other at ω1. The receiver then becomes two coherent ASK receivers in parallel.
The noncoherent FSK version results when each product device and the following integrator in the receiver are replaced by a corresponding matched filter followed by an envelope detector.
cosider a causal LTI system whose system function is H(z)=1-1/5z^-1/(1-1/2z^-1+1/3z^-2)(1+1/4z^-1) find the direct form 1 and direct form 2
Q. For the circuit shown in Figure, develop and execute a PSpice program to obtain the node voltages and the current through each element.
Operation of MOSFET The operation of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor which is abbreviated as MOSFET can be separated into three modes, depending upon the
Q. If the line of Problem 15.1.3 is made of copper whose resistivity ρ = 1.72×10 -8 ·m, determine the maximum length that can be used if losses are not to exceed 3 dB when f = 3
Consider the following mechanical system: a) Write a differential equation that describes the motion for this system. b) Take the Laplace transform of this equation and
i want help in builiding a simulator of cellular systems under different frequency reuse scenarios?
For the network shown in Figure, find the current in each resistor by means of nodal analysis.
Why we provide the short circuit and open circuit test in transformer
Q Find the diameter of a circular waveguide that will have a lower cutoff frequency of 10 GHz and also specify its largest usable frequency.
types of filtered power supply
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