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Identification Division:
The Identification Division is the first division of each and every COBOL source program. The paragraph PROGRAM-ID is necessary in most of the machines. The other paragraphs are elective.
The structure of Identification division is shown below:
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. Entry
[AUTHOR. entry.]
[INSTALLATION. entry.]
[DATE-WRITTEN. entry.] Optional
[DATA-COMPILED. entry.]
[SECURITY. entry.]
[REMARKS. entry.]
The division heading and paragraph names must be coded as A margin entries. The entries subsequent the paragraph headings should be terminated by a period. The entry in the PROGRAM-ID paragraph includes the program name to be used to identify the object program.
The entries in the other paragraphs are generally treated as comments and the programmer is free to write whatever thing for these entries. Only significant entries must be included in these places to provide better clarity and documentation.
The entry for the AUTHOR paragraph may include the name of the programmer. The entrance of the DATE-COMPILED paragraph may hold the date of compilation. If this entry is left blank, then the compiler inserts the real date in the listing of the source program which may be printed during the compilation.
Example of Write statement: Illustration: (i) WRITE TRANS-RECORD AFTER ADVANCING 3 LINES. This WRITE statement specified that the TRANS-RECORD is a record name of a fi
ARITHMETIC VERBS: Most of the problems need some computations to be performed on the input or intermediate data that are numeric in nature. The Arithmetic verbs are used to pe
Buffers: The Modern computers are able of handling I-O operations independent of the CPU by means of the hardware termed as data channel. For illustration, if two buffers a
PROGRAM TO FIND INTEREST ON BANK DEPOSITS: We have to write a program to find interest on deposits. The criteria is given below : identification division. program-
WRITE STATEMENT: The WRITE Statement verb releases a record in an output file. The syntax for the WRITE statement can be unlike depending on the output device and the medium us
DATA RECORD CLAUSE: The DATA RECORD clause, documents the record names defined for the file. For illustration, DATA RECORDS ARE REC-1, REC-2, REC-3 that means there are 3diffe
PROGRAM FOR PERFORM ...UNTIL We have to write a program to find the sum of "n" natural numbers. Identification division. Program- id. PerfUntil. Environment division.
FILE-CONTROL paragraph for the indexed files: The common format for the SELECT clause for a file is as shown below: SELECT file-name ASSIGN TO implementor -name
Example of add verb: (a) ADD A TO B. This illustration represents that the value of A will be added to the value of B and the result will be stored in B. The alignment of
VALUE CLAUSE: The value clause defines the preliminary value of the data item. Normally initialization will be completed just before the first statement in the procedure di
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