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Security And Integrity After Reading the concepts of database recovery in the last section, let us now deal with a vital concept that helps in minimizing consistency errors in
Describe the algorithm to draw the dependency graph? Ans: Algorithm to draw Precedence Graph is like this: a. For every transaction T i participating in schedule S, make
what is union compatable?
How nulls are treated in comparison operator? Along with comparison (relational) operators, the null values are ignored as we cannot derive the relation along with the given op
What is called mirroring? The simplest approach to introducing redundancy is to duplicate each disk. This method is called mirroring or shadowing.
Define the Wait for graph Ans: The wait-for-graph is a directed graph and consist of nodes and directed arcs; the nodes of the graph are active transactions. An arc of the grap
Explain hash file organization? Hash functions a) The distribution is uniform Hash functions assign each bucket the similar number of search -key values from the set of a
What is meant by object identifiers? Object-oriented systems use an object identifier to recognize objects. Object identifiers are unique: that is every object has a single ide
What are the drawbacks of shadow-paging technique? The drawbacks of shadow paging is:- a) Commit Overhead b) Data fragmentation c) Garbage collection
What is Structured Query Langauge (SQL)? SQL is a powerful set-oriented language which was formed by IBM research for the databases that adhere to the relational model. It havi
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