How to investigate aortic stenosis by cardiaccatheterization, Biology

Assignment Help:

Q. How to investigate aortic stenosis by Cardiac Catheterization?

The indications are to confirm hemodynamics when the non-invasive tests are not conclusive or there is a discrepancy between clinical evaluation and echocardiographic findings. It is also done pre-operatively to obtain coronary angiography if associated CAD needs to be ruled out. During cardiac catheterization right and left heart pressures and all necessary gradients should be measured in a meticulous manner. Transvalvular gradients, cardiac out put should be measured to calculate aortic valve area. Crossing a calcified degenerated aortic valve should be avoided unless it is clearly indicated. If entering left ventricle is not possible by retrograde approach transeptal puncture may be done to assess left ventricle to aorta gradient. When clinical impression correlates well with non-invasive evaluation-invasive hemodynamic evaluation with all its complications can be avoided.


Related Discussions:- How to investigate aortic stenosis by cardiaccatheterization

Community gradients and boundaries, Community Gradients and Boundaries ...

Community Gradients and Boundaries It is often difficult or impossible to determine where one community ends and the next begins. Many communities, in fact, grade continuousl

Determine the biologic response, Determine the biologic response The bi...

Determine the biologic response The biologic response can include: i) Metabolic disturbance. ii) Inflammatory response iii) Immune response iv) Mutagenesis v) Ca

Rectum examination of new born, Rectum check for anal patency and p...

Rectum check for anal patency and passage of meconium and observe whether meconium is passed or not. Confirm its patency then pass a catheter or gloved finger  check if

Processes in succession - ecology, Processes in Succession - Ecology W...

Processes in Succession - Ecology Whether succession is primary or secondary, in terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems, the basic processes involved in succession are similar. The

What is trophic levels and food webs, What is Trophic Levels and Food Webs?...

What is Trophic Levels and Food Webs? Trophic Levels and Food Webs : Energy flows and nutrients are cycled through an ecosystem via organisms that feed on one another. When c

Deforestation - degradation of ecosystem, Deforestation - Degradation of Ec...

Deforestation - Degradation of Ecosystem The deforestation is a broad term. It means the removal/destruction of the forest cover or the vegetation of an area. It includes repe

Whta are radial loops , When the chromosomes  are depleted  of histo...

When the chromosomes  are depleted  of histones  they  are seem  to have  a central fibrous 'protein  scaffold'  or nuclear  matrix  to which the DNA is attached  in loops. Therefo

Inorganic and organic substances, Q. Living beings are made of inorganic an...

Q. Living beings are made of inorganic and organic substances. According to the molecular complexity how can each of those substances be classified? Inorganic substances, mole

Explain about modifiable risk factors, Q. Explain about Modifiable Risk Fac...

Q. Explain about Modifiable Risk Factors? 1. Behavioural Smoking Sedentary Lifestyle Habits Dietary Errors 2. Physiological Hyperlipidemia Hypertension Obe

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd