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According to the Nernst equation, the equilibrium potential for any ion (Eion) distributed across a membrane is dependent on the internal (Ionin) and external (Ionout) concentrations of the ion (in moles or grams/liter), the valence of the ion, z (an integer), the absolute temperature (°K), Faraday's constant (96,500 coulombs/mole) and the universal gas constant R according to the following relationship: Eion = (RK/zF)2.303 log ([Ion]out/[Ion]in) Assuming that the equilibrium potential for sodium ion across a skeletal muscle is +66 mv at a temperature of 37°C when the external concentration is 145 mM and the internal concentration is 12 mM, evaluate both the magnitude and appropriate units for the universal gas constant, R.
Lack of iron in the photic zone of the ocean restricts the size of plankton population.Iron is what kind of factor for marine plankton?
It is the most common (occurring in 75 per cent cases of ARF) manifestation of ARF. It involves large joints, it is typically fleeting in character shifting from one large joint t
Zinc deficiency Zinc is essential for several physiological functions in the body such as protein synthesis, carbohydrate and nucleic acid metabolism, and foetal growth. The de
What do numeric pyramids represent? Numeric pyramids show the number of individuals in each trophic level of a food chain.
define each term
Is fecundation in amphibians external or internal? In this aspect are amphibians evolutionarily proximal to fishes or to reptiles? In the majority of the amphibian species fec
Brefily describe diffusion ? Diffusion : Diffusion is the process in which there is a net movement of particles of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an are
#FUCTIONS OF THE EPIDERMIS#
Demonstration of immune responses and biomarkers: This may be done either on the basis of sero-conversion study on paired sera samples or by challenge (protection) test.
Theor y of Epigenesis (i) It was proposed by C.F. Wolff & supported by Von Baer. (ii) Wolff proposed that germ cells contain definite but undifferentiated
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