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Asian Ltd makes three types of gold watch - the Diva (D), the Classic (C) and the Poser (P). A traditional product costing system is used at present; although an activity based costing (ABC) system is being considered. Details of the three products for a typical period are:
Product
Labour hours per unit
Machine hours per unit
Materials cost per unit
Production units
A
0.5
1.5
20
750
C
1
12
1,250
P
1.0
3
25
7,000
Direct labour costs $6 per hour and production overheads are absorbed on a machine hour basis. The overhead absorption rate for the period is $28 per machine hour.
Required:
(a) Calculate the cost per unit of each product using the traditional methods, absorbing overheads on the basis of machine hours.
Total production overheads are $654,000 and further analysis shows that the total production overheads can be divided as follows:
Costs relating to set-ups
35%
Costs relating to machinery
20%
Costs relating to materials handling
15%
Costs relating to inspection
30%
Total production overhead
100%
The following total activity volumes are associated with each product line for the period as a whole:
Number of set-ups
Number of movements of materials
Number of inspections
D
75
150
115
21
180
480
87
670
120
1,000
(b) Calculate the cost per unit for each product using ABC principles (work to two decimal places)
(c) Explain why costs per unit calculated under ABC are often very different to the costs per unit calculated under more traditional methods. Use the information from Asian Ltd to illustrate.
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