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How the time stamps are implemented
Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the transaction enters the system.
Use a logical counter that is increased after a new timestamp has been assigned; that is the time stamp is equivalent to the value of the counter.
It defines that the tuple in one relation that refers to another relation must refer to an existing tuple in that relation. This constraint is states on two relations (not essentia
DML Precompiler All the DBMS have two basic sets of Languages - Data Definition Language (DDL) that have the set of commands needed to define the format of the data that is b
What is an entity relationship model? The entity relationship model is a collection of basic objects known as entities and relationship between those objects. An
Let us now talk about the relational operations: SELECT The select operation is used to select few specific record from the database based on different criteria, This is a un
What is an ERD?
Question: Consider the following database relations for a textbook ordering system used by a college bookshop: Book (b-copy#, bname, ISBN#, author, price, subject) Order (s#
Extend your CREATE TABLE statement from problem 3 with referential integrity constraints. Updates and deletes on related rows are restricted. 6. From examination of the sample data
Define What are the desirable properties of a decomposition Ans: What are the desirable properties of decomposition - dependency preserving. Because Lossless join and dependen
What is the full form of DDL? DDL is stand for Data Definition Language.
In a relational model how relations are termed? In a relational model, relations are termed as tables. (The term ‘relation’ is the technical name of the ‘table’ in RDBMS)
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