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Depending upon the rules we have found, we can classify the locks into two types.
Shared Lock: A transaction might be acquiring shared lock on a data item in order to read its content. The lock is shared in the sense that any other transaction can obtain the shared lock on that similar data item for reading purpose.
Exclusive Lock: A transaction might be acquiring exclusive lock on a data item in order to both read/write into it. The lock is excusive in the sense that no other transaction can acquire any type of lock (either shared or exclusive) on that similar data item.
Using Column aliases Example: To print column names as NAME and ANNUAL SALARY SELECT ENAME "NAME", SAL*12 "ANNUAL SALARY" FROM EMP;
Indexed (Indexed Sequential) File Organisation It organises the file like a big dictionary, i.e., records are kept in order of the key but an index is stored which also allows
explain participation constraints with examples
employee(empid,empname,dept,telno,mobno, add,sssno,tinno,WEdates,WEcomp,WEadd,WEpos,WEres) this is a employee record which is need to be normalize.the WE means work experience
Q. Explain data aggregatio n and discuss different design constraints. Sol. Aggregation One limitation of the E-R model is that it cannot express relationships amon
What are the advantages of creating a table from existing table?
The H. I. Topi School of Business operates international business programs in 10 locations throughout Europe. The school had its first class of graduates in 1965. The school keep
Define Database layer? The database layer defines the data formats used in the database.
Let us first look into some of the important features of ER model. Entity relationship model is a high-level conceptual data model. It permits us to define the data invo
What is Thread splitting A thread of control is a path by which a set of state diagrams on that a single object is active at a time. Objects are shared between threads
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