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Types of data independence
Data independence can be classified into the following two types:
Physical Data Independence: This means that for any change made in the physical schema, the requirement to change the logical schema is minimal. This is practically simpler to achieve.
Logical Data Independence: This means that for any change made in the logical schema, the requirement to change the external schema is minimal. As we shall see, this is a little complex to achieve.
(a) Design a query plan for the following distributed query: An application at site B wants to compute a join of STUDENT ? Id=StudId TRANSCRIPT where STUDENT (Id,Major) is at site
Describe Participation Constraints? Participation Constraints - The participation constraint exacts whether the existence of an entity depends on its being related to another
what is union compatable?
explain in detail about crash recovery
Association as a cache This association must be updated when any new element is added to it, but testing for overlap using association is more efficient. Figure:
For each m:n relationship type R, we make a new table (say S) to represent R. We also contain the primary key attributes of both the participating entity types as a foreign key att
construct a b-tree for the following set of key values 2,3,5,7,11,17,19,23,29,31.assume that the tree is initial empty and the values are added in ascending order
Benefits: It limits data access. It makes difficult queries look easy. It permits data independence. It presents dissimilar views of the similar data.
What are the two main goals of parallelism? Load -balance multiple small accesses, so that the throughput of such accesses enhances. Parallelize large accesses so that the res
Although, the essential features of E-R diagrams are enough to design many database situations. Though, with more difficult relations and advanced database applications, it is need
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