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Types of data independence
Data independence can be classified into the following two types:
Physical Data Independence: This means that for any change made in the physical schema, the requirement to change the logical schema is minimal. This is practically simpler to achieve.
Logical Data Independence: This means that for any change made in the logical schema, the requirement to change the external schema is minimal. As we shall see, this is a little complex to achieve.
This constraint shows that the key attribute value in each tuple must be unique, i.e., no two tuples have the similar value for the key attribute. This is because the value of the
Explain What is Relation? A database relation is a predefined row or column format for storing information in a relational database. Relations are equal to tables.
milestone assignment
What are the object-oriented approaches Software systems which are designed with structured design methodology never support some of desired quality attributes for example reus
Discuss the types of integrity constraints in which must be checked for the update operations - Insert and Delete. Give examples. Insert operation can violet any of the subse
Hierarchical
Speedup Query Processing: A query that includes data at various sites can be split into sub-queries. These sub- queries can be implemented in parallel by various sites. Such parall
Consider a systems development project with the following data Activity Duration (weeks) Precedence Relationship 1. Software design
Examples:- Hierarchical Model: It tells data as and relationships by hierarchy of data values. Figure illustrates an example of hierarchical model. Now a day's these models are
The issues relating to the Design of the Physical Database Files Physical File is a file as stored on the disk. The major issues relating to physical files are: • Cons
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