How is rending stress designed in plain concrete footing?

Rending Stresses

Also design the plain concrete footing based on bending moment and shear considerations. In wall footings, bending is only in one direction. So it is designed as a cantilever beam fixed at the wall and the loading is in an upward direction due to soil pressure. The allowable flexural stress is assumed to be 1.25N/mm² for M 20 grade concrete. Generally, shear stresses need not be considered due to relatively large thickness of the footing.