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Heap files (unordered file)
Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have no exacting order. The operations we can do on the records are retrieve, insert and delete. The types of the heap file or the pile file Organisation are:
Strict 2PL :Though, this basic 2PL suffers from the trouble that it can result into loss of isolation / atomic property of transaction as theoretically speaking once a lock is rele
Unrepeatable reads : Assume T7 reads X twice during its implementation. If it did not update X itself it could be very disturbing to see a dissimilar value of X in its next read. B
What is horizontal fragmentation? Horizontal fragmentation divides the relation by assuming every tuple of r to one or more fragments
In this practical assignment, we will run through a complete database application development cycle, starting with the schema design, from an initial data import to database applic
Fragmentation: It is definite as partitioning of a relation into various fragments.Every fragment can be stored at a dissimilar site.
What is called as an N-way merge? The merge operation is a generalization of the two-way merge used by the standard in-memory sort-merge algorithm. It merges N runs, so it is k
3NF Normal Form A relation schema R is in 3NF if it is in 2NF and for each FD X A either of the following is true X is a Super-key of R. A is a prime attribute of R
What are the DBMS languages? Briefly explain? Data Definition language (DDL):A database schema is specified through a set of definitions expressed through a special language
What is Multivalued Attribute? Multivalued Attribute - Multivalued attribute might have more than one value for an entity. For instance, PreviousDegrees of a STUDENT.
Security And Integrity After Reading the concepts of database recovery in the last section, let us now deal with a vital concept that helps in minimizing consistency errors in
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