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Heap files (unordered file)
Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have no exacting order. The operations we can do on the records are retrieve, insert and delete. The types of the heap file or the pile file Organisation are:
Briefly explain the state diagram by taking one example. State Diagram - An object can be given a sequence of input instructions. The state of the object can vary depending u
What are the General Transformation Rules for Relational operations? Ans: The transformation rules transform one relational algebra expression to AN EQUIVALENT ONE 1. E
What are the drawbacks of shadow-paging technique? The drawbacks of shadow paging is:- a) Commit Overhead b) Data fragmentation c) Garbage collection
Explain the disadvantages of file oriented approach? In the oriented approach Applications are designed in isolation. Design of application is optimized for one application. In
Horizontal Fragmentation- Horizontal fragmentation groups together the tuples in a relation that are collectively used by the main transactions. A horizontal fragment is produced b
With the help of a diagram defines the typical element modules of a DBMS? The functional elements of a database system can be widely divided into: 1) Storage manager and 2) q
Compare the Nested-loop join and block-nested loop join Ans: Nested loop join - It is costly as worst case cost, no. of block accesses needed is n r * b s + b r where b
Define deadlock avoidance. An alternative method for avoiding deadlocks is to needs additional information about how resources are to be requested. Each request requires the s
Define physical image of a global relation at a site
data models are being replaced over years. Reasons and why does that happen?
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