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Heap files (unordered file)
Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have no exacting order. The operations we can do on the records are retrieve, insert and delete. The types of the heap file or the pile file Organisation are:
Explain nested relations? Nested relations The assumption of INF is a natural one in the bank examples we have considered. However, not all applications are best modelled
Database Errors: An error is said to have occurred if the implementation of a command to manipulate the database cannot be successfully finished either due to inconsistent data or
Types of Data fragmentation
What is a PROJECT operation? The project operation is a unary operation that returns its argument relation with particular attributes left out. Projection is shown by pie (π).
Explain controlled redundancy? Controlled redundancy : The replication of data within the data warehouse for the purposes of improved data access or understand ability.
WHERE and HAVING clause in SQL ? The WHERE clause is commonly used for implementing conditions on each tuple of the relation. The HAVING clause is used in combination along wi
Explain Transaction manager and their work? Transaction Manager: Ensure the database remains in a constant (correct) state despite system failure, and in which concurrent trans
What is called an evaluation primitive? A relational algebra operation annotated with instructions on how to evaluate is known as an evaluation primitive.
What's the difference between a primary key and a unique key? Both primary key and unique key enforces uniqueness of the column on which they are explained. But by default prim
MOSS VALE is a town with 15000 inhabitants. The fire department wishes to develop a system that automates the despatch of fire engines to attend fires. The ERD below describes the
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