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Heap files (unordered file)
Mostly these files are unordered files. It is the easiest and most basic type. These files having of randomly ordered records. The records will have no exacting order. The operations we can do on the records are retrieve, insert and delete. The types of the heap file or the pile file Organisation are:
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
Define cardinality and participation constraints on a relationship type, completeness constraint on generalization. Ans: Cardinality defines the number of entities to wh
Why does a DBMS query language is designed? A DBMS query language is designed to support end users who use English-like commands. support in the development of complex applicat
Describe the static hash file with buckets and chaining and show how insertion, deletion and modification of a record can be performed. In static hash file organization, the wo
Equi Join: A join in which the joining condition is based on equality among values in the common columns. Common columns show (redundantly) in the result table. Let us Consider th
Prove that a relation which is 4NF must be BCNF. Ans Let R be in 4NF. Suppose it is not in BCNF. Hence, there exists an FD X→Y in R such that x is not a super key. Although
While using extract datasets it is required to have a special workarea for interface False. It is not required to have a special workarea for interface
Write short notes on Schema diagram. A database schema along with primary key and foreign key dependencies can be depicted pictorially by schema diagram. Every relation appea
What is relational model feature? A relational model feature is much more data independence than some other database models.
Explain group By clause in SQL? Group By clause in SQL: The GROUP BY clause can be used in a SELECT statement to collect data across multiple records and group the results thro
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