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Hardware failure: Hardware failures are the failures when some disk or hardware chip fails. This may result in loss of data. One such trouble can be that a disk gets damaged and cannot be read any more. This may be because of many reasons. For instance, a voltage fluctuation in the power supply to the computer makes it go off or some bad sectors may arrive on disk or there is a disk crash.
In all these situations, the database gets into an inconsistent state.
A View may be defined of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is instead inferred from one or more underlying base data table. T
Illustrate the statement 'Projection operation distributes over the union operation'. Give an example. Ans: Π L (E 1 ∪ E 2 ) = (Π L (E 1 )) ∪ (Π L (E 2 )) This says th
Write short notes on relational constraints? Relational Constraints are: 1. NOT NULL 2. Unique 3. Primary key 4. Foreign key 5. Table check
Question : (a) Differentiate between database integrity and database security (b) Database security involves measures to avoid loss of privacy and loss of confidentiality. D
Determine the Derived attribute to avoid re-computation Each class box consists of an ordered list of attributes and operations, each represented as a next string. We can find
write a short note on participation role? Participation role: roles are indicating in E-R diagram by labelling the lines that connect diamonds to rectangles.
The basic merits of decomposition. The Advantages of Decomposition 1. Separate person can work on each subsystem. 2. A particular software engineer can specialize in a
Consider a research paper submission process. The process starts when an author submits a draft research paper (the paper may have up to 3 authors) to the chair of the organizing c
describe objectivde of file organisation
What is a PROJECT operation? The project operation is a unary operation that returns its argument relation with particular attributes left out. Projection is shown by pie (π).
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