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Hardware failure: Hardware failures are the failures when some disk or hardware chip fails. This may result in loss of data. One such trouble can be that a disk gets damaged and cannot be read any more. This may be because of many reasons. For instance, a voltage fluctuation in the power supply to the computer makes it go off or some bad sectors may arrive on disk or there is a disk crash.
In all these situations, the database gets into an inconsistent state.
Higher Normal Forms Is there more normal forms beyond BCNF? Yes, though, these normal forms are not based on the concept of functional dependence. More normalisation is needed if
For problems 1-4, give all candidate keys for the tables with FDs specified. Composite candidate keys must be put in parentheses, and candidate keys must be separated with commas
Fifth Normal Form (5NF) These relations still have a difficulty. While defining the 4NF we mentioned that all the attributes depend upon each other. Whereas creating the two ta
What is data model? Explain object based and record based data models? Ans: A data model is an abstract model in which describes how data is represented and accessed. (i)
What is the use of integrity constraints? Integrity constraints make sure that changes made to the database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data consistency. The
You want to implement following relationships when designing tables. How would you do it? a.) One-to-one b.) One-to-many c.) Many-to-many a.) One-to-One relationship -
Define and differentiate between ordered indexing and hashing. Ans: Ordered indexing: To gain fast random access to records in a file, we can make of an index structure. Every
3. (10 points) Assume that you have been presented with the following relation for the Baxter Aviation database: Charters (Pilot#, Pilot name, Aircraft ID#, #seats, Village, Fligh
Explain the difference between the three storage types - volatile, non volatile and stable. Ans: Volatile storage: if storage media loses data while power goes off,
Relations create the database. They must satisfy various properties, like no duplicate tuples, no ordering of tuples, and atomic attributes, etc. Relations that satisfy these basic
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