Graphic presentation of net operating income approach, Financial Management

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Q. Graphic Presentation of Net Operating Income Approach ?

Graphic Presentation of NOI (Net Operating Income) Approach: - NOI (Net Operating Income) approach is explained graphically as follows:

2360_Graphic Presentation of Net Operating Income Approach.png

Ke = Cost of Equity

Kd = Cost of debt

Ko = Overall cost of capital

In the given figure the degree of leverage is plotted beside the X-axis while the percentage rate of cost of capital is shown on Y-axis. The figure shows that Kd as well as Ko remain unchanged. Since the degree of leverage is increased. However with the increase in the leverage the cost of equity increases in such a manner so as to offset the advantage of using cheaper debt. Consequently Ko and the value of firm (V) remain unchanged by the increase in the financial leverage.

Basic Terms:-

EBIT = Earnings before Interest and Tax                              S = Value of Equity

B = Value of Debt                                                                  V = Value of firm

NI = Net Income                                                                    Kd = Cost of Debt

Ko = Overall Cost of Capital                                                  Ke = Cost of Equity

Basic Formulas:-

V = S + B                                            NI = EBIT - Interest

V = EBIT / Ko                    Ke= EBIT -I / S X 100                   Ko =  EBIT/ V X 100


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