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Government securities are the most important and unique financial instruments in the financial markets of any economy. Government of India Securities (GOI Sec) include debt obligations of the central government, state governments and other financial institutions owned by central and state governments. As the repayment of principal as well as interest is secured by the government or its guarantee, these instruments are usually referred to as 'Gilt-Edged Securities'. Literally, gilt means gold, and therefore, a gilt-edged security implies 'security of the best quality'. As government securities are loans floated by the government, they become a part of the national debt of the country and the payment of interest on them and also their repayment has a first charge on a nation's purse. Hence, they are absolutely secured financial instruments, guaranting the capital as well as the interest income. Central government securities are considered to be the safest claims amongst stocks of local authorities and industrial debentures, etc. Thus, investors prefer to invest in these securities though the rate of interest is relatively low, when compared to other money market instruments. In the absence of default risk, they are regarded as risk-free investments.
Rating denote an issuer's ability to respond to adverse changes in circumstances and economic conditions. The rating scale is generally differentiated into variou
Which ratios would a banker be most interested in when considering whether to approve an application for a short-term business loan? Explain. Bankers and other lenders use liq
decision criteria of profitability index.
Leveraging can be described as an investing principle where borrowed funds are invested in a part of the securities. Leveraging can magnify either returns o
Typically in a bond, we find an inverse relation between the price and the required yield. We know that the price of the bond is the present val
Present V alue This is the current value of a future payment or stream of payments. The present value is calculated by applying a discount (capitalization) rate to the
Homework 1. Suppose you deposit $18,000 into an account today that earns 6% interest per year, and you do not withdraw the money for 21 years. What will be the balance in the acco
Question: (a) Give the four main types of financial investments and state the risks and benets associated to each type. (b) (i) Let k(t; T; s) denotes the return at time t
Briefly explain the accounting concepts which guide the accountant at the recording stage.
Basic Assumptions of Cost of Capital The Cost of Capital is a dynamic concept affected by a multiplicity of economic and firm factors and assumes the following assumptions rela
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