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GOTO StatementThe GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block. If executed, the GOTO statement transfers control to the labeled statement or block. In the following illustration, you go to an executable statement farther down in a series of statements:BEGIN...GOTO insert_row;...<>INSERT INTO emp VALUES...END;In the next illustration, you go to a PL/SQL block farther up in a series of statements:BEGIN...<>BEGINUPDATE emp SET ......END;...GOTO update_row;...END;The label end_loop in the example below is illegal as it does not precede an executable statement:DECLAREdone BOOLEAN;BEGIN...FOR i IN 1..50 LOOPIF done THENGOTO end_loop;END IF;...<> -- illegalEND LOOP; -- not an executable statementEND;To debug the last illustration, now add the NULL statement, as shown:FOR i IN 1..50 LOOPIF done THENGOTO end_loop;END IF;...<>NULL; -- an executable statementEND LOOP;As the following illustration shows, a GOTO statement can branch to an enclosing block from the present block:DECLAREmy_ename CHAR(10);BEGIN<>SELECT ename INTO my_ename FROM emp WHERE...BEGIN...GOTO get_name; -- branch to enclosing blockEND;END;RestrictionsSome likely destinations of a GOTO statement are illegal. Particularly, a GOTO statement cannot branch into an IF statement, LOOP statement, or sub-block. For illustration, the following GOTO statement is illegal:BEGIN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch into IF statement...IF valid THEN...<>UPDATE emp SET...END IF;END;A GOTO statement also cannot branch from one IF statement clause to another, as the following illustration shows:BEGIN...IF valid THEN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch into ELSE clauseELSE...<>UPDATE emp SET...END IF;END;The next illustration shows that a GOTO statement cannot branch from an enclose block into a sub-block:BEGIN...IF status = ’OBSOLETE’ THENGOTO delete_part; -- illegal branch into sub-blockEND IF;...BEGIN...<>DELETE FROM parts WHERE...END;END;A GOTO statement also cannot branch out of a subprogram, as the following illustration shows:DECLARE...PROCEDURE compute_bonus (emp_id NUMBER) ISBEGIN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch out of subprogramEND;BEGIN...<>UPDATE emp SET...END;Finally, the GOTO statement cannot branch from an exception handler into the present block. For illustration, the following GOTO statement is illegal:DECLARE...pe_ratio REAL;BEGIN...SELECT price / NVL(earnings, 0) INTO pe_ratio FROM ...<>INSERT INTO stats VALUES (pe_ratio, ...);EXCEPTIONWHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THENpe_ratio := 0;GOTO insert_row; -- illegal branch into current blockEND;Though, a GOTO statement can branch from an exception handler into the enclosing block.
Data Types in SQL - Timestamp TIMESTAMP for values representing points in time on a specified uniform scale. DATE is used for timestamps on a scale of one day, such as DATE '2
%FOUND Until the SQL data manipulation statement is executed, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, the %FOUND yields TRUE, when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected o
IS NULL Operator The IS NULL operator returns the Boolean value TRUE whenever its operand is null or FALSE if it is not null. The comparisons including the nulls always yield NU
Need for Dynamic SQL: You need dynamic SQL in the situations as follows: 1) You would like to execute a SQL data definition statement (like CREATE), a data control statemen
Consider the following set of database tables (same tables from Assignment 6-1). Please take note of foreign keys (most of them carry the same names as the corresponding primary ke
Project Description: We organize an online system called ACPAS we have created a project called EVO that can be use by our customers to integrate their web sites with the Acpas
Assignment of Variable - Updating a Variable Syntax: SET SN = SID ('S2'); This can obviously be read as "set the variable SN to be equal in value to SID ( 'S2' )".
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
Using Cursor Attributes To process the SQL data manipulation statements, the SQL engine must opens an implicit cursor named SQL. This cursor's attributes (%FOUND, %NOTFOUND, %
Using Pragma RESTRICT_REFERENCES: The function called from the SQL statements should obey certain rules meant to control the side effects. To check for violation of the rules,
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