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GOTO StatementThe GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block. If executed, the GOTO statement transfers control to the labeled statement or block. In the following illustration, you go to an executable statement farther down in a series of statements:BEGIN...GOTO insert_row;...<>INSERT INTO emp VALUES...END;In the next illustration, you go to a PL/SQL block farther up in a series of statements:BEGIN...<>BEGINUPDATE emp SET ......END;...GOTO update_row;...END;The label end_loop in the example below is illegal as it does not precede an executable statement:DECLAREdone BOOLEAN;BEGIN...FOR i IN 1..50 LOOPIF done THENGOTO end_loop;END IF;...<> -- illegalEND LOOP; -- not an executable statementEND;To debug the last illustration, now add the NULL statement, as shown:FOR i IN 1..50 LOOPIF done THENGOTO end_loop;END IF;...<>NULL; -- an executable statementEND LOOP;As the following illustration shows, a GOTO statement can branch to an enclosing block from the present block:DECLAREmy_ename CHAR(10);BEGIN<>SELECT ename INTO my_ename FROM emp WHERE...BEGIN...GOTO get_name; -- branch to enclosing blockEND;END;RestrictionsSome likely destinations of a GOTO statement are illegal. Particularly, a GOTO statement cannot branch into an IF statement, LOOP statement, or sub-block. For illustration, the following GOTO statement is illegal:BEGIN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch into IF statement...IF valid THEN...<>UPDATE emp SET...END IF;END;A GOTO statement also cannot branch from one IF statement clause to another, as the following illustration shows:BEGIN...IF valid THEN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch into ELSE clauseELSE...<>UPDATE emp SET...END IF;END;The next illustration shows that a GOTO statement cannot branch from an enclose block into a sub-block:BEGIN...IF status = ’OBSOLETE’ THENGOTO delete_part; -- illegal branch into sub-blockEND IF;...BEGIN...<>DELETE FROM parts WHERE...END;END;A GOTO statement also cannot branch out of a subprogram, as the following illustration shows:DECLARE...PROCEDURE compute_bonus (emp_id NUMBER) ISBEGIN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch out of subprogramEND;BEGIN...<>UPDATE emp SET...END;Finally, the GOTO statement cannot branch from an exception handler into the present block. For illustration, the following GOTO statement is illegal:DECLARE...pe_ratio REAL;BEGIN...SELECT price / NVL(earnings, 0) INTO pe_ratio FROM ...<>INSERT INTO stats VALUES (pe_ratio, ...);EXCEPTIONWHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THENpe_ratio := 0;GOTO insert_row; -- illegal branch into current blockEND;Though, a GOTO statement can branch from an exception handler into the enclosing block.
Effects of NULL for Multiple Assignments - SQL If the row expression given as the source for a multiple assignment evaluates to NULL, then NULL is assigned to each target. If
Parameter Default Values As the illustration below shows, you can initialize the IN parameters to the default values. In that way, you can pass various numbers of actual par
BETWEEN Operator The operator BETWEEN, tests whether the value lies in a specified series. That means "greater than or equivalent to low value and less than or equivalent to hig
Using the student and faculty tables create a select query that outputs all students for a specific advisor. Generate the execution plan, select out the explain plan . Create an
Using Cursor Attributes To process the SQL data manipulation statements, the SQL engine must opens an implicit cursor named SQL. This cursor's attributes (%FOUND, %NOTFOUND, %
Overloading: Similar to packaged subprograms, methods of the same type can be overloaded. That is, you can use similar name for various methods if their formal parameters diff
1. Create a procedure called TAX_COST_SP to accomplish the tax calculation task. Keep in mind that the state and subtotal values are inputs into the procedure and the procedure is
Product-specific Packages The Oracle and different Oracle tools are supplied with the product-specific packages which help you to build the PL/SQL-based applications. For illus
Using LIMIT For nested tables, that have no maximum size, the LIMIT returns NULL. For varrays, the LIMIT returns the maximum number of elements that a varray can have (that yo
i NEED THE QURIES TO SOME OF THE PROBLEMS USING plsql
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