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GOTO StatementThe GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block. If executed, the GOTO statement transfers control to the labeled statement or block. In the following illustration, you go to an executable statement farther down in a series of statements:BEGIN...GOTO insert_row;...<>INSERT INTO emp VALUES...END;In the next illustration, you go to a PL/SQL block farther up in a series of statements:BEGIN...<>BEGINUPDATE emp SET ......END;...GOTO update_row;...END;The label end_loop in the example below is illegal as it does not precede an executable statement:DECLAREdone BOOLEAN;BEGIN...FOR i IN 1..50 LOOPIF done THENGOTO end_loop;END IF;...<> -- illegalEND LOOP; -- not an executable statementEND;To debug the last illustration, now add the NULL statement, as shown:FOR i IN 1..50 LOOPIF done THENGOTO end_loop;END IF;...<>NULL; -- an executable statementEND LOOP;As the following illustration shows, a GOTO statement can branch to an enclosing block from the present block:DECLAREmy_ename CHAR(10);BEGIN<>SELECT ename INTO my_ename FROM emp WHERE...BEGIN...GOTO get_name; -- branch to enclosing blockEND;END;RestrictionsSome likely destinations of a GOTO statement are illegal. Particularly, a GOTO statement cannot branch into an IF statement, LOOP statement, or sub-block. For illustration, the following GOTO statement is illegal:BEGIN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch into IF statement...IF valid THEN...<>UPDATE emp SET...END IF;END;A GOTO statement also cannot branch from one IF statement clause to another, as the following illustration shows:BEGIN...IF valid THEN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch into ELSE clauseELSE...<>UPDATE emp SET...END IF;END;The next illustration shows that a GOTO statement cannot branch from an enclose block into a sub-block:BEGIN...IF status = ’OBSOLETE’ THENGOTO delete_part; -- illegal branch into sub-blockEND IF;...BEGIN...<>DELETE FROM parts WHERE...END;END;A GOTO statement also cannot branch out of a subprogram, as the following illustration shows:DECLARE...PROCEDURE compute_bonus (emp_id NUMBER) ISBEGIN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch out of subprogramEND;BEGIN...<>UPDATE emp SET...END;Finally, the GOTO statement cannot branch from an exception handler into the present block. For illustration, the following GOTO statement is illegal:DECLARE...pe_ratio REAL;BEGIN...SELECT price / NVL(earnings, 0) INTO pe_ratio FROM ...<>INSERT INTO stats VALUES (pe_ratio, ...);EXCEPTIONWHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THENpe_ratio := 0;GOTO insert_row; -- illegal branch into current blockEND;Though, a GOTO statement can branch from an exception handler into the enclosing block.
THEORY OF BIOGENESIS - This theory explains that the existing living organisms originated from pre-existing living beings not from non living entities. This concept of or
INSERT Command in SQL Loosely speaking, INSERT takes the rows of a given source table and adds them to the specified target table, retaining all the existing rows in the targ
Extension and AND in SQL The theory book gives the following simple example of relational extension in Tutorial D: EXTEND IS_CALLED ADD ( FirstLetter ( Name ) AS Initial )
Organi c Evolution Evolution is a slow continuous, irreversible and natural process of change to give rise to advance and diverse forms of life i.e. formation of new specie
Entering and Exiting If you enter the executable part of an autonomous routine, the major transaction suspends. When you exit the routine, the major transaction resumes. To ex
Number Types The Number types permit you to store the numeric data (real numbers, integers, and floating-point numbers), show quantities, and do computations. BINARY_INTEG
Based on the EMPLOYEE table created in Assignment #1, write a PL/SQL anonymous block that accepts an employee ID from the user input and finds whether the employee ID is in the EMP
Using INNER JOIN INNER JOIN is used to retrieve the data from all tables listed based on a condition of equality listed after keyword ON. If the condition is not meet, rows ar
%NOTFOUND The %NOTFOUND is the logical opposite of the %FOUND. The %NOTFOUND yields TRUE when an INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement affected no rows, or the SELECT INTO state
SQL Operators The PL/SQL uses all the SQL set, comparison, and row operators in the SQL statements. This part briefly describes some of these operators. 1. Comparison Opera
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