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GOTO StatementThe GOTO statement branches to a label unconditionally. The label must be exclusive within its scope and should precede an executable statement or a PL/SQL block. If executed, the GOTO statement transfers control to the labeled statement or block. In the following illustration, you go to an executable statement farther down in a series of statements:BEGIN...GOTO insert_row;...<>INSERT INTO emp VALUES...END;In the next illustration, you go to a PL/SQL block farther up in a series of statements:BEGIN...<>BEGINUPDATE emp SET ......END;...GOTO update_row;...END;The label end_loop in the example below is illegal as it does not precede an executable statement:DECLAREdone BOOLEAN;BEGIN...FOR i IN 1..50 LOOPIF done THENGOTO end_loop;END IF;...<> -- illegalEND LOOP; -- not an executable statementEND;To debug the last illustration, now add the NULL statement, as shown:FOR i IN 1..50 LOOPIF done THENGOTO end_loop;END IF;...<>NULL; -- an executable statementEND LOOP;As the following illustration shows, a GOTO statement can branch to an enclosing block from the present block:DECLAREmy_ename CHAR(10);BEGIN<>SELECT ename INTO my_ename FROM emp WHERE...BEGIN...GOTO get_name; -- branch to enclosing blockEND;END;RestrictionsSome likely destinations of a GOTO statement are illegal. Particularly, a GOTO statement cannot branch into an IF statement, LOOP statement, or sub-block. For illustration, the following GOTO statement is illegal:BEGIN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch into IF statement...IF valid THEN...<>UPDATE emp SET...END IF;END;A GOTO statement also cannot branch from one IF statement clause to another, as the following illustration shows:BEGIN...IF valid THEN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch into ELSE clauseELSE...<>UPDATE emp SET...END IF;END;The next illustration shows that a GOTO statement cannot branch from an enclose block into a sub-block:BEGIN...IF status = ’OBSOLETE’ THENGOTO delete_part; -- illegal branch into sub-blockEND IF;...BEGIN...<>DELETE FROM parts WHERE...END;END;A GOTO statement also cannot branch out of a subprogram, as the following illustration shows:DECLARE...PROCEDURE compute_bonus (emp_id NUMBER) ISBEGIN...GOTO update_row; -- illegal branch out of subprogramEND;BEGIN...<>UPDATE emp SET...END;Finally, the GOTO statement cannot branch from an exception handler into the present block. For illustration, the following GOTO statement is illegal:DECLARE...pe_ratio REAL;BEGIN...SELECT price / NVL(earnings, 0) INTO pe_ratio FROM ...<>INSERT INTO stats VALUES (pe_ratio, ...);EXCEPTIONWHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THENpe_ratio := 0;GOTO insert_row; -- illegal branch into current blockEND;Though, a GOTO statement can branch from an exception handler into the enclosing block.
Albeit simple method : These all the truth tables give us our first as albeit simple method for proving a theorem: where check whether it can be written in propositional logic
Manipulating Collections Within PL/SQL, the collections add procedural power and flexibility. The biggest benefit is that your program can compute subscripts to process the spec
The Package Body The package specification is implemented by the package body. That is, the package body has the definition of every cursor and the subprogram declared in the p
NULL Statement The NULL statement clearly specifies in action; it does nothing other than to pass control to the next statement. It can, though, improve the readability. In a
Overview of control structures According to the structure theorem, any computer program can be written by using the basic control structures as shown in figure below. They can b
Synonyms You can create the synonyms to provide location transparency for the remote schema objects like tables, views, sequences, stand-alone subprograms, and packages. Though,
Iteration Schemes The bounds of a loop range can be variables, literals, variables, or expressions but must compute to integers. Below are some of the examples. As you can see t
Built-In Functions The PL/SQL provides a lot of powerful functions to help you to manipulate the data. These built-in functions fall into the categories as shown below: error r
SQL Database: So, an SQL database is one whose symbols are organized into a collection of tables. Now, shows an SQL table as the current value of an SQL variable, ENROLMENT, b
%ROWCOUNT The %ROWCOUNT yields the number of rows affected by the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, or returned by a SELECT INTO statement. The %ROWCOUNT yields zero when a
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