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The dynamic memory allocator is a layer between the application and the OS, managing heap objects. When a program requests memory from the allocator (via malloc(), for instance), the allocator will return a pointer (or reference) to a piece of memory of the appropriate size. When the program is done with the memory, the memory should be released back to the allocator. Languages such as C and C++ leave this job to the programmer to perform manually, for example by using free(). On the other hand, languages such as Java, python, etc automatically manage dynamically-allocated memory, which makes the programmer's life easier, and can eliminate entire classes of memory management bugs.
Although using free() and delete is relatively simple, it can be tricky to get them right. A signi?cant fraction of bugs in C and C++ programs are related to manual memory management. If we forget to free objects, we end up with memory leaks; if we free memory too soon, we end up with "dangling pointers"; also, we can try to do weird things, like performing double frees, etc. Therefore, a process that manages memory automatically is clearly useful. The most important concept for correctly implementing a garbage collector is that of live objects: a live object is any object that can still be reached through one (or more) pointers.
Q. Distinguish among a STREAMS driver and a STREAMS module? Answer: The STREAMS driver controls the physical device that could be involved in a STREAMS operation. The STREAMS
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What is ERD? Entity Relationship Diagram is the graphical representation of the object relationship pair. It is mostly used in database applications.
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What are the different thread levels? There are two broad type of thread implementation: User-Level Threads -- Thread Libraries. Kernel-level Threads -- System Calls.
Multitasking - An Operating systems that is proficient of allowing multiple software processes to be run at the same time. Below are some instances of multitasking Operating Syste
What lead to the concept of paging? The main memory is separated into two parts that are one for the resident operating system, and one for the user processes. We may perhaps p
(a) Describe services of operating systems. (b) Differentiate among the short term, medium term and long term scheduling that are given by multi-tasking operating systems.
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