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The dynamic memory allocator is a layer between the application and the OS, managing heap objects. When a program requests memory from the allocator (via malloc(), for instance), the allocator will return a pointer (or reference) to a piece of memory of the appropriate size. When the program is done with the memory, the memory should be released back to the allocator. Languages such as C and C++ leave this job to the programmer to perform manually, for example by using free(). On the other hand, languages such as Java, python, etc automatically manage dynamically-allocated memory, which makes the programmer's life easier, and can eliminate entire classes of memory management bugs.
Although using free() and delete is relatively simple, it can be tricky to get them right. A signi?cant fraction of bugs in C and C++ programs are related to manual memory management. If we forget to free objects, we end up with memory leaks; if we free memory too soon, we end up with "dangling pointers"; also, we can try to do weird things, like performing double frees, etc. Therefore, a process that manages memory automatically is clearly useful. The most important concept for correctly implementing a garbage collector is that of live objects: a live object is any object that can still be reached through one (or more) pointers.
How is a process chosen for being swapped either in or out? Swap out: a. If the process is idle. b. If process has been in main memory for a long time.
Explain the OS/2 Operating System Like NetWare, OS/2 manage resources at three levels, as shown in Figure 4.5 Resources may be maintained at the session, process, and thread le
what is internal fragmentation?
Q. State three merits of placing functionality in a device controller rather than in the kernel and State three disadvantages. Answer: Three advantages: Bugs are less probabl
Consider a scenario of post mailbox, there are two processes named sender S and receiver R. Both processes can communicate with each other by name along with message. You need to I
Q. In some systems a subdirectory is able to be read and written by an authorized user just as ordinary files can be. a. Explain the protection problems that could arise. b.
Linked list allocation using index The blocks don't have a fixed size. Pointers are utilized to point to the next block in a file. The pointers are set aside as a separate tabl
The principle is that of ordinary addition; however remember the highest number is 1. Calculate the following: 11001 + 11
describe competing process
Processes have valid and invalid entries on their page tables. The valid entries all point to some where "real" (e.g. a physical page, or some portion of disk in case of non-reside
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