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The dynamic memory allocator is a layer between the application and the OS, managing heap objects. When a program requests memory from the allocator (via malloc(), for instance), the allocator will return a pointer (or reference) to a piece of memory of the appropriate size. When the program is done with the memory, the memory should be released back to the allocator. Languages such as C and C++ leave this job to the programmer to perform manually, for example by using free(). On the other hand, languages such as Java, python, etc automatically manage dynamically-allocated memory, which makes the programmer's life easier, and can eliminate entire classes of memory management bugs.
Although using free() and delete is relatively simple, it can be tricky to get them right. A signi?cant fraction of bugs in C and C++ programs are related to manual memory management. If we forget to free objects, we end up with memory leaks; if we free memory too soon, we end up with "dangling pointers"; also, we can try to do weird things, like performing double frees, etc. Therefore, a process that manages memory automatically is clearly useful. The most important concept for correctly implementing a garbage collector is that of live objects: a live object is any object that can still be reached through one (or more) pointers.
Q. Several CPUs provide for more than two modes of operation. What are two probable uses of these multiple modes? Answer: Although most systems merely distinguish between use
properies of Batch oriented and interactive operating system.
expalin about the design issues of network operating system
Q. Why is it complicated to protect a system in which users are allowed to do their own I/O? Answer: In earlier chapters we identified a distinction among kernel and user mod
Contiguous allocation: Every file will be allocated contiguous space in the memory. Allow the block size be 1K If a 50K files desires to be allocated space after t
What is banker's algorithm? Banker's algorithm is a deadlock avoidance algorithm that is applicable to a resource-allocation system with multiple examples of each resource type
What is the main advantage of the layered approach to system design? As in all cases of modular design, designing an operating system in a modular way has several benefits. Th
Determine a policy that is not a valid page replacement policy? RU policy (Recurrently used) is not a valid page replacement policy.
How can the deadlock be prevented? To evade deadlocks first we will have to obtain the information about how resources are to be requested. And as well we should make sure that
Q. Describe why SSTF scheduling tends to favour middle cylinders over the innermost and outermost cylinders. Answer: The middle of the disk is the location having the smalles
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