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The dynamic memory allocator is a layer between the application and the OS, managing heap objects. When a program requests memory from the allocator (via malloc(), for instance), the allocator will return a pointer (or reference) to a piece of memory of the appropriate size. When the program is done with the memory, the memory should be released back to the allocator. Languages such as C and C++ leave this job to the programmer to perform manually, for example by using free(). On the other hand, languages such as Java, python, etc automatically manage dynamically-allocated memory, which makes the programmer's life easier, and can eliminate entire classes of memory management bugs.
Although using free() and delete is relatively simple, it can be tricky to get them right. A signi?cant fraction of bugs in C and C++ programs are related to manual memory management. If we forget to free objects, we end up with memory leaks; if we free memory too soon, we end up with "dangling pointers"; also, we can try to do weird things, like performing double frees, etc. Therefore, a process that manages memory automatically is clearly useful. The most important concept for correctly implementing a garbage collector is that of live objects: a live object is any object that can still be reached through one (or more) pointers.
Explain about deadlock prevention? In order for the occurrence of deadlock, the four conditions like mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no pre-emption and circular wait must hap
What are the different methods for handling deadlocks? Deadlock detection and recovery: Permit the system to enter a deadlock state, detect it and after that rec
Some CPUs provide for more than two modes of operation. What are two possible uses of these multiple modes?
As we have discussed, page tables map virtual page addresses to physical page addresses. One of the advantages of using virtual addresses is that we can achieve complete separation
Explain fixed partitioning. Partitioning are the simpler techniques that don't involve virtual memory. Partitioning has been used in numerous variations in operating systems.
Introduction of linux
Explain the basic method of paging method. Physical memory is divided into the fixed-sized blocks called frames. Logical memory is as well divided into blocks of the same size
Determine a policy that is not a valid page replacement policy? RU policy (Recurrently used) is not a valid page replacement policy.
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What are the advantages of Indexed allocation? The benefits are a. No external-fragmentation problem b. Solves the size-declaration problems. c. Supports direct access
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