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The dynamic memory allocator is a layer between the application and the OS, managing heap objects. When a program requests memory from the allocator (via malloc(), for instance), the allocator will return a pointer (or reference) to a piece of memory of the appropriate size. When the program is done with the memory, the memory should be released back to the allocator. Languages such as C and C++ leave this job to the programmer to perform manually, for example by using free(). On the other hand, languages such as Java, python, etc automatically manage dynamically-allocated memory, which makes the programmer's life easier, and can eliminate entire classes of memory management bugs.
Although using free() and delete is relatively simple, it can be tricky to get them right. A signi?cant fraction of bugs in C and C++ programs are related to manual memory management. If we forget to free objects, we end up with memory leaks; if we free memory too soon, we end up with "dangling pointers"; also, we can try to do weird things, like performing double frees, etc. Therefore, a process that manages memory automatically is clearly useful. The most important concept for correctly implementing a garbage collector is that of live objects: a live object is any object that can still be reached through one (or more) pointers.
Define thrashing. Thrashing is the accident of high page traffic and low CPU utilization. It is observed that the cause of thrashing is an under-commitment of memory to program
Q. How Program execute in operating system? Program execution- The operating system fills the contents (or sections) of a file into memory as well as begins its execution. A us
Write a note on deadlocks. The proper definition of deadlock A set of processes is deadlocked if every process in the set is waiting for an event that only a proces
Q. Can a system detect that some of its processes are starving? If you answer "yes," explain how it can. If you answer "no," explain how the system can deal with the starvation pro
Indexed allocation Indexed allocation bringing all the pointers together into one location: the index block. Every file has its own index block, which is an array of disk-block
FIFO is named as 'named pipes'. FIFO (first-in-first-out) is a special file which is laid to be data transient. Once data is load from named pipe, it cannot be load again. Also, da
As we already know, threadsmust ensure consistency; otherwise, race conditions (non-deterministic results) might happen. Now consider the "too much milk problem": two people share
How does a program execution take place in multiprogramming? While the processor is dealing with a number of programs, the sequence with which programs are implemented will de
explain about design issues of network operating system
Explain FIFO page replacement A FIFO replacement algorithm associates with every page the time when that page was brought into memory. When a page must be changed, the oldest p
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