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The dynamic memory allocator is a layer between the application and the OS, managing heap objects. When a program requests memory from the allocator (via malloc(), for instance), the allocator will return a pointer (or reference) to a piece of memory of the appropriate size. When the program is done with the memory, the memory should be released back to the allocator. Languages such as C and C++ leave this job to the programmer to perform manually, for example by using free(). On the other hand, languages such as Java, python, etc automatically manage dynamically-allocated memory, which makes the programmer's life easier, and can eliminate entire classes of memory management bugs.
Although using free() and delete is relatively simple, it can be tricky to get them right. A signi?cant fraction of bugs in C and C++ programs are related to manual memory management. If we forget to free objects, we end up with memory leaks; if we free memory too soon, we end up with "dangling pointers"; also, we can try to do weird things, like performing double frees, etc. Therefore, a process that manages memory automatically is clearly useful. The most important concept for correctly implementing a garbage collector is that of live objects: a live object is any object that can still be reached through one (or more) pointers.
List ways to share files among directories in operating systems. a. Copy file from one account into another. b. Link directory entry of "copied" file to directory entry of o
Processes and threads each have their place in multi-programming, generally to hide latency and to maximize CPU utilization. With the continuing spread of multi-core processors in
NEXT FIT ALGORITHM Here scanning starts from the first fit position and then it finds the next position which is large sufficient to hold the process. Thus the name next fit.
Medium term scheduling This is component of the swapping function. Usually the swapping in decision is based on the need to manage the degree of multiprogramming. At a system t
List disadvantages of using a single directory. Users have no privacy. Users must be careful in choosing file names, to avoid names used by others. Users may destroy each othe
Relative file organization A relative file is an array of fixed-length slots and the records can be inserted in the first free slot found from the beginning of the file and
Single level directory: This is the easiest directory structure. All the files are controlled in the same directory, which is simple to support and understand. Few of the li
Explain a boot control block A boot control block can have the information required by the system to boot an operating from that partition. If the disk does not have an operati
Q. Remapping of bad blocks by sector sparing or else sector slipping could influence performance. Presume that the drive in Subsequent Exercise has a total of 100 bad sectors at r
(Add synchronization to your solutions to HW 3 to eliminate all of the race conditions. You should not remove any of the sleep() commands that you used to produce the race conditi
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