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Game Playing:
We have now dispensed with the necessary background material for AI problem solving techniques, and we just considered to looking at particular types of problems which have been addressed using "AI" techniques. The first kind of problem we'll look at is getting an agent to compete, it may be against a human or another artificial agent. This area has been exceptionally well researched over the last 50 years. Definitely some of the first chess programs were written by Alan Turing, Claude Shannon and other fore-fathers of modern computing. We just have mostly one lecture to look at this topic, so we'll hamper ourselves to looking at two person games such as chess played by software agents. If you are concerned in games involving more teamwork and , or robotics, then a good place to begin would be with the Robo Cup project,5.1 MinMax Search Parents often get two children to share a cake fairly by asking one to cut the cake and the other to choose which half they want to eat. In fact in this two player cake-scoffing game, there is only one move like cutting the cake, other is player one soon learns that if he wants to maximize the amount of cake he gets, he had superior cut the cake into the same halves, this means that his opponent is going to try and minimize the cake that player 1 gets by choosing the biggest half for herself.
Suppose we have a two player game where the winner scores a positive number at the end, so that the loser scores is nothing. In board games like chess, the score is mostly just 1 for a win and 0 for a loss. In other games such as poker, however, one player wins the cash in prize amount that the other player loses. These are called zero-sum games, this means that whenever you add one player's winnings to the other player's loss, the sum is zero.
General principles of pruning: The general principles are such that: 1. Given a node N that can be chosen by player one, thus if there is another node, X, along any path,
What is configuration? Turing machine computes, changes occur in the current state, the current tap contents and the current head location. A setting of the
In order to get the information kept in a Binary Search Tree in the descending order, one should traverse it in which of the following order? Right, Root, Left
Explain the operation of octal to binary encoder. Ans Octal to binary encoder consists of eight inputs, one for each of eight digits and three outputs which generate the con
Back propagation Learning Routine - Aartificial intelligence As with perceptrons, the information in the network is stored in the weights, so the learning problem comes down to
How blocking and non blocking statements get executed? Execution of blocking assignments can be viewed just like a one-step process: 1. Evaluate RHS (right-hand side equatio
The method for updating the main memory as soon as a word is removed from the Cache is known as (A) Write-through (B) write-back (C) protected write
Determine reduced Boolean equation and the Karnaugh Map? Illustration : Determine reduced Boolean equation and the Karnaugh Map for the truth table shown below:
third partial product of 13*11 in binary
World Wide Web (WWW) began as a text-only medium. First version doesn't even have the capability to include graphics on a page. Today's Web sites include sound animation, graphics,
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