Already have an account? Get multiple benefits of using own account!
Login in your account..!
Remember me
Don't have an account? Create your account in less than a minutes,
Forgot password? how can I recover my password now!
Enter right registered email to receive password!
Each function has its own stack frame between %fp and %sp. Let Caller calls Callee. Then Caller's %sp becomes callee's %fp, and callee's %sp set to be a new value (a smaller one because stack grows from large address to small address). You can think that Callee's stack frame is on top of Caller's stack frame.
In Caller: put arguments in %o0 to %o5 registers or if number of arguments more than 6, prepare values in call linkage of the current stack frame. Then "call" address_of_callee; %o7 stored the returned address. (This %o7 will becomes %i7 in callee after the callee executes save instruction.)
In Callee: it executes "save" instruction:
So at this point in callee, %i6 (%fp was caller's %o6) is set, and %o6 (%sp is set to be a new value). Question: where is the old %fp? It is stored somewhere in the top portion of the previous stack frame (see step 0.) The return address of Callee is stored in %i7. Is it possible to write a program to overflow this %i7? What return address that you really can overflow? Question: how to access that return address.
The "restore" instruction is the inverse function of save. Then the "ret" instruction should branch to %i7+8. The normal address should be %i7+4 as the next instruction address after call. The extra 4 is because sparc has a "branch delay" instruction that is executed BEFORE the call is made even it is put just after CALL. Is it strange. Not really. This is because modern CPU is a pipeline machine. It loads instruction every clock cycle, and branch (or jump or call) somewhat cannot be really done until the later stage the pipeline. And then it is already too late because the one JUST after this branch has already been executed. If you want to know more, you should take a look at computer architecture textbook which I think every graduate should know.
You should be very clear what return address in server.c is overflowed? Is it the return address of main() or the return address of copy()?
Manipulators There are several classes in the iostream.h header file. One of them is ios class. This class stores the format state. For example, some bits explain the base in w
how to present assinment
Comments Comments are integral part of every program . Comments help in coding, debugging and maintaining a program . The compiler ignores them. They should be used liberally i
how to define a array of structure
Conversion between Objects of Different Classes As the compiler does not know anything about the user-defined type, the conversion instructions are to be specified in a functio
Operator Overloading Fundamentals The C language uses the concept of Operator Overloading discreetly. The asterisk (*) is used as multiplication operator as well as indirect
Program is to append the contents of one file to another: void main() { clrscr(); fstream file1,file2; char st1[13],st2[13];/* 13 because a filename canno
write a program to find area of curve y=f(x) between x and x=b,integrate between the limits a and b using c #include float start_point, /* GL
THIS PROGRAM IS TO DISPLAY A STOCK CONTAINING ITEM CODE,ITEM NAME,PRICE AND ANOTHER STOCK WITH CODE & QUANTITY AND DISPLAY COMPLETE INFORMATION #include #include #include
Problem: (a) Distinguish between a class and an object. (b) Define instantiation. (c) What is the importance of the "this" variable in java. (d) What is encapsulation?
Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!
whatsapp: +91-977-207-8620
Phone: +91-977-207-8620
Email: [email protected]
All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd