Functions and stack frame, C/C++ Programming

Assignment Help:

Each function has its own stack frame between %fp and %sp. Let Caller calls Callee. Then Caller's %sp becomes callee's %fp, and callee's %sp set to be a new value (a smaller one because stack grows from large address to small address). You can think that Callee's stack frame is on top of Caller's stack frame.

In Caller: put arguments in %o0 to %o5 registers or if number of arguments more than 6, prepare values in call linkage of the current stack frame. Then "call" address_of_callee; %o7 stored the returned address. (This %o7 will becomes %i7 in callee after the callee executes save instruction.)

In Callee: it executes "save" instruction:

  • 0. Caller's %i (input registers) and %l (local registers) are reserved in its own stack frame. They are put in the top portion of the caller's stack frame. Implication: the return address of Caller (NOT CALLEE), %i7, is stored there.
  • 1. set callee's %i (input registers) by callers %o (output registers). The implication: pass parameters and return address now is in %i7. And now callee's fp (%i6) <-- caller's sp (%o6).
  • 2. Allocate space for new frame pointers. Caller's sp (%o6) is now set to be the new value.

So at this point in callee, %i6 (%fp was caller's %o6) is set, and %o6 (%sp is set to be a new value). Question: where is the old %fp? It is stored somewhere in the top portion of the previous stack frame (see step 0.) The return address of Callee is stored in %i7. Is it possible to write a program to overflow this %i7? What return address that you really can overflow? Question: how to access that return address.

The "restore" instruction is the inverse function of save. Then the "ret" instruction should branch to %i7+8. The normal address should be %i7+4 as the next instruction address after call. The extra 4 is because sparc has a "branch delay" instruction that is executed BEFORE the call is made even it is put just after CALL. Is it strange. Not really. This is because modern CPU is a pipeline machine. It loads instruction every clock cycle, and branch (or jump or call) somewhat cannot be really done until the later stage the pipeline. And then it is already too late because the one JUST after this branch has already been executed. If you want to know more, you should take a look at computer architecture textbook which I think every graduate should know.

You should be very clear what return address in server.c is overflowed? Is it the return address of main() or the return address of copy()?


Related Discussions:- Functions and stack frame

Big-m method, big-m method operation reseach in progrmme c++..

big-m method operation reseach in progrmme c++..

Identify and briefly explain the objects and methods , You are to develop a...

You are to develop a Clinic System. 1. Identify and briefly explain the objects, classes, methods and attributes for the Clinic System. 2. Draw a use case diagram to represen

Board Coloring , In this problem you are given a board in which some of the...

In this problem you are given a board in which some of the elements are placed as shown in diagram below. Each element represents a color. Fill the other elements in the board, suc

Minimumshelf, Write a program that finds the minimum total number of shelve...

Write a program that finds the minimum total number of shelves, including the initial one required for this loading process.

Coding, I want MODI method''s coding in c++ using all concepts of c++..plea...

I want MODI method''s coding in c++ using all concepts of c++..please help me its my project work...

Develop banking software and payment gateway system, Project Description: ...

Project Description: 1) Develop banking software 2) Payment Gateway System There is some other system available for development. I'm willing to show long-term opportunity

Program for game of war, Objective of this Program: (a) To learn more ab...

Objective of this Program: (a) To learn more about modularization of a program into independent modules, (b) To use arrays in a program, (c) To get some experience with us

HASHING, What is meant by open addressing? Explain various collision resolu...

What is meant by open addressing? Explain various collision resolution techniques with example

What if one forget the [] when deleteing array allocated , What if one forg...

What if one forget the [] when deleteing array allocated through new T[n]? A: All life comes to a disastrous end. It is the programmer's responsibility not the compiler's to

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd