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A term usually used for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Such variation is of main concern in the medical statistics particularly in the analysis of the survival times where hazard functions can be strongly influenced by the selection effects operating in the population. There are several possible sources of this heterogeneity, the most apparent of which is that it reflects the biological differences, so that, for instance, some individuals are born with the weaker heart, or a genetic disposition for cancer. A further prospect is that the heterogeneity happens from the occured weaknesses which result from the stresses of life. Failure to take account of this kind of variation might often obscure comparisons between groups, for instance, by measures of relative risk. A simple model which attempts to permit for the variation between individuals is given as follows where Z is the quantity specific to an individual, considered as the random variable over the population of individuals, and the base rate is denoted by λ(t) . What is observed in a population for which this type of model holds is not the individual hazard rate but the net result for several individuals with different values of Z.
Cellular proliferation models : Models are used to describe the growth of the cell populations. One of the example is the deterministic model where N(t) is the number of cel
The term used in a variety of methods in statistics, but mostly to refer to the categorical variable, with a less number of levels, under examination in an experiment as a possible
Population pyramid : The diagram designed to show the comparison of the human population by sex and age at a given instant time, consisting of a pair of the histograms, one for eve
Interim analyses : An analysis made before the planned end of a clinical trial, typically with the aim of detecting the treatment differences at the early stage and thus preventing
Multi co linearity is the term used in the regression analysis to indicate situations where the explanatory variables are related by a linear function, making the inference of the
Given: There are 4 jobs and 4 persons. The cost incurred for each person and each job is as follows: Persons Job 1 Job 2 Job 3 Job 4 A 10 9 21 11 B 15 12 25 17 C 12 10 20 12 D 17
Wilcoxon's ranksum test is the distribution free method or technique used as an alternative to the Student's t-test for assessing whether two populations have the same location. G
Machine learning is a term which literally means the ability of a machine to recognize patterns which have occurred repetitively and to improve its performance based on the past
The biggest and smallest variate values among the sample of observations. Significant in various regions, for instance flood levels of the river, speed of wind and snowfall.
The probability distribution of the various observations is required to obtain the run of two successes in the series of Bernoulli trials with the probability of success equal to a
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