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A term usually used for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Such variation is of main concern in the medical statistics particularly in the analysis of the survival times where hazard functions can be strongly influenced by the selection effects operating in the population. There are several possible sources of this heterogeneity, the most apparent of which is that it reflects the biological differences, so that, for instance, some individuals are born with the weaker heart, or a genetic disposition for cancer. A further prospect is that the heterogeneity happens from the occured weaknesses which result from the stresses of life. Failure to take account of this kind of variation might often obscure comparisons between groups, for instance, by measures of relative risk. A simple model which attempts to permit for the variation between individuals is given as follows where Z is the quantity specific to an individual, considered as the random variable over the population of individuals, and the base rate is denoted by λ(t) . What is observed in a population for which this type of model holds is not the individual hazard rate but the net result for several individuals with different values of Z.
Principal components regression analysis is a process often taken in use to overcome the problem of multicollinearity in the regression, when simply deleting a number of the expla
1) Question on the first day questionnaire asked students to rate their response to the question Are you deeply moved by the arts or music? Assume the population that is sampled
#ques12. There is some evidence that REM sleep, associated with dreaming, may also play a role in learning and memory processing. For example, Smith and Lapp (1991) found increased
The Null Hypothesis - H0: γ 1 = γ 2 = ... = 0 i.e. there is no heteroscedasticity in the model The Alternative Hypothesis - H1: at least one of the γ i 's are not equal
Treatment allocation ratio is the ratio of the number of subjects allocated to the two treatments in a clinical trial. The equal allocation is most usual in practice, but it might
You and your team have been hired as strategic consultants by the hugely successful retailer known as “Cutie Pie”. The company sells many products, although one product in particul
Need help with Matlab assignments.
The equation linking the height and weight of the children between the ages of 5 and 13 and given as follows here w is the mean weight in kilograms and h the mean height in
Average age at death : A ?awed statistic summarizing expectancy of the life and other aspects of the mortality. For instance, a study comparing average age at the death for male sy
Mosaic displays is the graphical display of the standardized residuals from the fitting a log-linear model to a contingency table in which the colour and outline of the mosaic's '
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