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A term usually used for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Such variation is of main concern in the medical statistics particularly in the analysis of the survival times where hazard functions can be strongly influenced by the selection effects operating in the population. There are several possible sources of this heterogeneity, the most apparent of which is that it reflects the biological differences, so that, for instance, some individuals are born with the weaker heart, or a genetic disposition for cancer. A further prospect is that the heterogeneity happens from the occured weaknesses which result from the stresses of life. Failure to take account of this kind of variation might often obscure comparisons between groups, for instance, by measures of relative risk. A simple model which attempts to permit for the variation between individuals is given as follows where Z is the quantity specific to an individual, considered as the random variable over the population of individuals, and the base rate is denoted by λ(t) . What is observed in a population for which this type of model holds is not the individual hazard rate but the net result for several individuals with different values of Z.
Randomized consent design is the design at first introduced to overcome some of the perceived ethical problems facing clinicians entering patients in the clinical trials including
Ordered alternative hypothesis is a hypothesis or assumption which speci?es an order for the set of parameters of interest as an alternative to the equality, rather than simply th
A vague concept which occurs all through statistics. Essentially the term means the number of independent units of the information in an easy relevant to the estimation of the para
Convex hull trimming : A procedure which can be applied to the set of bivariate data to permit robust estimation of the Pearson's product moment correlation coef?cient. The points
Causality: The relating of the reasons to the effects they produce. Several investigations in medicine seek to establish the causal relations between the events, for instance, whi
In a mathematics examination the average grade was 82 and the standard deviation was 5. all students with grade from 88 to 94 received grade of B. if the grade are approximately no
Case series : It is the series of reports on the condition of the individual patients made by treating physician. Such reports might be helpful and informative for the rare disease
Please help with following problem: : Let’s consider the logistic regression model, which we will refer to as Model 1, given by log(pi / [1-pi]) = 0.25 + 0.32*X1 + 0.70*X2 + 0.
Sam Tyler, a single taxpayer, social security number 111-44-1111, bought Rental Equipment on 04/01/2010. He paid $400,000 including all closing and delivery costs. In the current y
Cohort study : An investigation in which the group of individuals (or the cohort) is identi?ed and followed prospectively, possibly for many years, and their subsequent medical his
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