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A term usually used for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Such variation is of main concern in the medical statistics particularly in the analysis of the survival times where hazard functions can be strongly influenced by the selection effects operating in the population. There are several possible sources of this heterogeneity, the most apparent of which is that it reflects the biological differences, so that, for instance, some individuals are born with the weaker heart, or a genetic disposition for cancer. A further prospect is that the heterogeneity happens from the occured weaknesses which result from the stresses of life. Failure to take account of this kind of variation might often obscure comparisons between groups, for instance, by measures of relative risk. A simple model which attempts to permit for the variation between individuals is given as follows where Z is the quantity specific to an individual, considered as the random variable over the population of individuals, and the base rate is denoted by λ(t) . What is observed in a population for which this type of model holds is not the individual hazard rate but the net result for several individuals with different values of Z.
Raking adjustments is an alternative to the post stratification adjustments in the complex surveys which ensures that the adjusted weights of the respondents conform to each of th
Chi-squared distribution : It is the probability distribution, f (x), of the random variable de?ned as the sum of squares of the number (v) of independent standard normal variables
An investor with a stock portfolio sued his broker, claiming that a lack of diversification in his portfolio had led to poor performance. The data, shown below, are the rates of re
Hello! I am currently in graduate school earning a masters in mental health counseling. I am in a stats course at current and we are reviewing z-scores. I am a little lost because
Mardia's multivariate normality test is a test that a set of the multivariate data arise from the multivariate normal distribution against departures due to the kurtosis. The test
The graphical method for studying the behavior of the seasonal time series. In such a plot, the January values of seasonal component are graphed for the upcoming years, then the
Case series : It is the series of reports on the condition of the individual patients made by treating physician. Such reports might be helpful and informative for the rare disease
Indirect least squares: An estimation technique used in the fitting of structural equation models. Commonly least squares are first used to estimate reduced form parameters. Usi
Lorenz curve : Essentially the graphical representation of cumulative distribution of the variable, most often used for the income. If the risks of disease are not monotonically in
Multi dimensional unfolding is the form of multidimensional scaling applicable to both the rectangular proximity matrices where the rows and columns refer to the different sets of
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