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A term usually used for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Such variation is of main concern in the medical statistics particularly in the analysis of the survival times where hazard functions can be strongly influenced by the selection effects operating in the population. There are several possible sources of this heterogeneity, the most apparent of which is that it reflects the biological differences, so that, for instance, some individuals are born with the weaker heart, or a genetic disposition for cancer. A further prospect is that the heterogeneity happens from the occured weaknesses which result from the stresses of life. Failure to take account of this kind of variation might often obscure comparisons between groups, for instance, by measures of relative risk. A simple model which attempts to permit for the variation between individuals is given as follows where Z is the quantity specific to an individual, considered as the random variable over the population of individuals, and the base rate is denoted by λ(t) . What is observed in a population for which this type of model holds is not the individual hazard rate but the net result for several individuals with different values of Z.
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ain why the simulated result doesn''t have to be exact as the theoretical calculation
Kaiser's rule is the rule frequently used in the principal components analysis for selecting the suitable the number of components. When the components are derived from correlati
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Why Graph theory? It is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of sets of points (vertices or nodes) some of which are connected by the lines known as the edges. A
A subject who withdraws from the study for whatever reason, adverse side effects, noncompliance, moving away from the district, etc. In number of cases the reason may not be known.
Multilevel models are the regression models for the multilevel or clustered data where units i are nested in the clusters j, for example a cross-sectional study where students are
need answers to questions in book advanced and multivariate statistical methods
Chains of infection : The description of the course of infection among the group of individuals. The susceptibles infected by the direct contact with the introductory cases are sai
Generally the final stage of an exploratory factor analysis in which factors derived initially are transformed to build their interpretation simpler. Generally the target of the pr
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