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A term usually used for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Such variation is of main concern in the medical statistics particularly in the analysis of the survival times where hazard functions can be strongly influenced by the selection effects operating in the population. There are several possible sources of this heterogeneity, the most apparent of which is that it reflects the biological differences, so that, for instance, some individuals are born with the weaker heart, or a genetic disposition for cancer. A further prospect is that the heterogeneity happens from the occured weaknesses which result from the stresses of life. Failure to take account of this kind of variation might often obscure comparisons between groups, for instance, by measures of relative risk. A simple model which attempts to permit for the variation between individuals is given as follows where Z is the quantity specific to an individual, considered as the random variable over the population of individuals, and the base rate is denoted by λ(t) . What is observed in a population for which this type of model holds is not the individual hazard rate but the net result for several individuals with different values of Z.
This is the theorem which states that if the error terms in a multiple regression have the same variance and are not corrected, then the estimators of the parameters in the model p
Occam's razor is an early statement of the parsimony principle, which was given by William of Occam (1280-1349) namely 'entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem'; which m
The term which is used in the industrial experimentation, where there is commonly a large set of candidate factors believed to have the possible significant influence on the respon
Asymmetric proximity matrices : Proximity matrices in which the non-diagonal elements, in the ith row and jth column and the jth row and ith column, are not essentially equal. Exam
Bartlett's test for variances : A test for equality of the variances of the number (k)of the populations. The test statistic can be given as follows where s square is an
Histogram is the graphical representation of the set of observations in which class frequencies are represented by the regions of rectangles centred on the class interval. If the f
Explain the impact of globalisationon HRM
Multivariate analysis of variance is the procedure for testing equality of the mean vectors of more than two populations for the multivariate response variable. The method is dire
Using World Bank (2004) World Development Indicators; Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction & Development/ The World Bank, located in the reference section of the Learn
The method of displaying the geographical variability of the disease on maps using different colors, shading, etc. The logic is not new, but the arrival of computers and computer g
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