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A term usually used for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Such variation is of main concern in the medical statistics particularly in the analysis of the survival times where hazard functions can be strongly influenced by the selection effects operating in the population. There are several possible sources of this heterogeneity, the most apparent of which is that it reflects the biological differences, so that, for instance, some individuals are born with the weaker heart, or a genetic disposition for cancer. A further prospect is that the heterogeneity happens from the occured weaknesses which result from the stresses of life. Failure to take account of this kind of variation might often obscure comparisons between groups, for instance, by measures of relative risk. A simple model which attempts to permit for the variation between individuals is given as follows where Z is the quantity specific to an individual, considered as the random variable over the population of individuals, and the base rate is denoted by λ(t) . What is observed in a population for which this type of model holds is not the individual hazard rate but the net result for several individuals with different values of Z.
Persson Rootze ´n estimator is an estimator for the parameters in the normal distribution when the sample is truncated so that all the observations under some fixed value C are re
Prospective study : The studies in which individuals are followed-up over the period of time. A general example of this type of investigation is where the samples of individuals ar
In a mathematics examination the average grade was 82 and the standard deviation was 5. all students with grade from 88 to 94 received grade of B. if the grade are approximately no
Prepare a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper in which you formulate a hypothesis based on your selected research issue, problem, or opportunity. Address the following: •Describe your sele
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The special cases of the probability distributions in which the random variable's distribution is concentrated at one point only. For instance, a discrete uniform distribution when
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