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A term usually used for unobserved individual heterogeneity. Such variation is of main concern in the medical statistics particularly in the analysis of the survival times where hazard functions can be strongly influenced by the selection effects operating in the population. There are several possible sources of this heterogeneity, the most apparent of which is that it reflects the biological differences, so that, for instance, some individuals are born with the weaker heart, or a genetic disposition for cancer. A further prospect is that the heterogeneity happens from the occured weaknesses which result from the stresses of life. Failure to take account of this kind of variation might often obscure comparisons between groups, for instance, by measures of relative risk. A simple model which attempts to permit for the variation between individuals is given as follows where Z is the quantity specific to an individual, considered as the random variable over the population of individuals, and the base rate is denoted by λ(t) . What is observed in a population for which this type of model holds is not the individual hazard rate but the net result for several individuals with different values of Z.
Blinding : A procedure used in clinical trials to get rid of the possible bias which might be introduced if the patient and/or the doctor knew which treatment the patient is receiv
(a) You are trying to develop a strategy for investing in two different stocks, Stock A and Stock B. The anticipated annual return for a $1000 investment in each stock under four
Balanced incomplete repeated measures design (BIRMD): An arrangement of the N randomly selected experimental units and k treatments in which each and every unit receives k1 treatm
Hamilton County judges try thousands of cases per year. In an overwhelming majority of the cases disposed, the verdict stands as rendered. However, some cases are appeale
The functions of the data and the parameters of interest which can be brought in use to conduct inference about the parameters when full distribution of the observations is unknown
Multimodal distribution is the probability distribution or frequency distribution with number of modes. Multimodality is frequently taken as an indication which the observed di
a company suppliers specialized, high tensile Pins to customers. It uses an automatic lathe to produce the pins. Due to the factors such as vibration, temperature and wear and tear
An approach to decrease the size of very large data sets in which the data are first 'binned' and then statistics such as the mean and variance/covariance are calculated on each bi
Biplots: It is the multivariate analogue of the scatter plots, which estimates the multivariate distribution of the sample in a few dimensions, typically two and superimpose on th
Cohort component method : A broadly used method or technique of forecasting the age- and sex-speci?c population to the upcoming years, in which the initial population is strati?ed
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