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Forking is an important phase of Unix, critical to the support of its design strategies, which encourages the implementation of filters. In Unix, a filter is a process that reads its input from stdin, and gives its output to stdout. A pipeline of these instructions can be strung together by a shell to make new commands. i.e:, one may string together the output of thefind(1) instruction and the input of the wc(1) instruction to prepare a new command that will give a count of files ending in ".cpp" found in the current file system and any subdirectories, as follows:
$ find . -name "*.cpp" -print | wc -l
More usually, forking is also operated by the shell each time a user issues an instruction. A child process is prepared by forking the shell, and the child process is shown, once again by exec, with the code included with the program to be run.
Q. Describe the three main architectural layers of Windows XP? Answer: (1) The HAL (Hardware Abstraction Layer) creates operating system portability by hiding hardware differ
The Cigarette-Smokers difficulty Consider a system with three smoker processes and one agent process. Every smoker continuously rolls a cigarette and then smokes it. But to roll as
Operating Systems have evolved tremendously in the last few decades. The first approach for building Operating Systems, taken during the 40s through early 60s, was to allow only on
Q. Why is rotational latency typically not considered in disk scheduling? How would you alter SSTF, SCAN and C-SCAN to comprise latency optimization? Answer: Most disks don't
What is the basic approach of page replacement? If no frame is free is available, find one that is not presently being used and free it. A frame can be freed by writing its con
USER-LEVEL THREADS (ULT) In this level the kernel isn't aware of the existence of threads -- All thread management is complete by the application by using a thread library. Th
Basic concepts When a process is to be changed in, the pager guesses which pages will be used before the process is changed out again. Instead of swapping in a entire process,
operation policies
Q. Presume that you have a page-reference string for a process with m frames (initially all empty). The page-reference string has length p along with n distinct page numbers
Safety algorithm : This is to make sure if the system is in safe state or not. It may need an order of m x n2 operation to determine if the state of the system is safe or not.
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