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Forking is an important phase of Unix, critical to the support of its design strategies, which encourages the implementation of filters. In Unix, a filter is a process that reads its input from stdin, and gives its output to stdout. A pipeline of these instructions can be strung together by a shell to make new commands. i.e:, one may string together the output of thefind(1) instruction and the input of the wc(1) instruction to prepare a new command that will give a count of files ending in ".cpp" found in the current file system and any subdirectories, as follows:
$ find . -name "*.cpp" -print | wc -l
More usually, forking is also operated by the shell each time a user issues an instruction. A child process is prepared by forking the shell, and the child process is shown, once again by exec, with the code included with the program to be run.
Signal handling A signal is used in UNIX systems to inform a process that a particular event has occurred. 1. A signal is produced by the occurrence of a particular event.
Locks (also known as mutexes, short for mutual exclusion locks) provide mutual exclusion to shared data inside a critical session. They are implemented by means of two atomic routi
Hierarchical paging Single way is to use a two-level paging algorithm, in which the page table itself is also paged. A logical address is separated into a page number and a pag
Q. In a ring-protection system the level 0 has the greatest access to objects and level n (greater than zero) has fewer access rights. The access rights of a program at a partic
What is starvation? A main problem related to deadlock is starvation. Starvation is the circumstances where process waits indefinitely within the semaphore. Indefinite blocking
What is Instruction trace
Explain about deadlock prevention? In order for the occurrence of deadlock, the four conditions like mutual exclusion, hold and wait, no pre-emption and circular wait must hap
Present your own fully documented and tested programming example illustrating the prevention of a data race in a parallelised program. This is an example where total number of p
Take the binary number and divide it into groups of 4 bits starting from the right hand side , if no group of 4 exists fill out leading 0's, then convert each group of 4 to a hex n
Define CPU scheduling. CPU scheduling is the method of switching the CPU among several processes. CPU scheduling is the basis of multiprogrammed operating systems. By switching
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