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Figurative Constants:
The Figurative constants have several fixed names and the compiler recognizes these names and it sets up the equivalent values in the object program.
Consider the statement as shown below:
MOVE ZERO TO COUNTER
Here value 0 will be moved to the COUNTER by the compiler, as it recognizes ZERO and sets the COUNTER with 0. The list of figurative constants is shown below:
Figurative Constant Meaning
ZERO
ZEROS value 0
ZEROES
SPACE
SPACES One or additional blanks
HIGH-VALUE
HIGH-VALUES The Highest value in the Collating sequence
LOW-VALUE
LOW-VALUES Lowest value in the Collating sequence
QUOTE
QUOTES one or more of "
ALL literal one or more of string characters comprising the literal
LABEL RECORD CLAUSE: This clause specifies whether or not the standard header and trailer labels must be present in the magnetic-tape files. VALUE OF CLAUSE: The VAL
scope of marginal costing
ROUNDED OPTION: Let us consider the DATA DIVISION entries which are as shown below: Now, subsequent to the execution of the statement ADD A B GIVING C, the C will hold
Example of Write statement: Illustration: (i) WRITE TRANS-RECORD AFTER ADVANCING 3 LINES. This WRITE statement specified that the TRANS-RECORD is a record name of a fi
LEVEL NUMBERS: The COBOL makes use of the level number concept to explain the hierarchical data structure. A level number is a 2 digit number. The permitted level numbers a
Non numeric: The nonnumeric literal is used in normal to output messages or headings. The Characters which are enclosed between " " constitute nonnumeric literal. The maximum
ADD VERB: The ADD Verb can be used to find the sum of two or more numbers and to store the sum. The ADD verb takes any one of the two forms as shown below:
RELATIVE FILES: The Files that are stored on a direct access storage medium like magnetic disk are frequently known as direct access files. The COBOL supports three different
Illustration of nested if statement: Consider the nested sentence which is as shown below: The IF-ELSE pairs in this sentence can be detected by applying the rule whic
PROCEDURE DIVISION statements for the indexed files: All the statements which are available for a relative file are also available for an indexed file. READ STTATEMENT :
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