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Fermi Dirac level:
Sol. The Fermi level is simply a reference energy level. It is the energy level at which the probability of finding an electron n energy unit above it in the conduction band is equal to the probability of finding a hole n energy units below it in the valence band. Very simply, it can be considered to the average energy level of the electrons, as illustrated in fig. (a). For simplification let us assume that (i) widths of energy bands are small in comparison to forbidden energy gap between them (ii) all levels in a band have the same energy, bandwidths being assumed to be small (iii) energies of all levels in valence band are E0, as shown in fig. (a) and (iv) energies of all levels in conduction band are EG. Let the zero energy reference level be taken arbitrarily at the top of the valence band, as shown in fig. (b). Now number of electrons in conduction band, where P represents the probability of an electron having energy EG. Its value may be determined from Fermi Dirac probability distribution function given as where P (E) is the probability of finding an electron having any particular value of energy E.
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Classify the magnetic materials into diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials. Also give examples of each. Classification of magnetic materials:-
Q. A 60-Hz, 440-V, three-phase system feeds two balanced wye-connected loads in parallel. One load has a per-phase impedance of 8 + j3 and the other 4 - j1 . Compute the real po
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The devices in power system shown in Figure 2 have the following ratings: G1 : 100 MVA, 13.8 kV grounded Y, X” = 0.15 pu, X2 = 0.015 pu Xo = 0.05 pu G2 : 50 MVA, 20.0 kV grounded
The synchronous speed of a wound-rotor induction motor is 900 r/min. Under a blocked-rotor condition, the input power to the motor is 45 kW at 193.6 A. The stator resistance per ph
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