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Fermi Dirac level:
Sol. The Fermi level is simply a reference energy level. It is the energy level at which the probability of finding an electron n energy unit above it in the conduction band is equal to the probability of finding a hole n energy units below it in the valence band. Very simply, it can be considered to the average energy level of the electrons, as illustrated in fig. (a). For simplification let us assume that (i) widths of energy bands are small in comparison to forbidden energy gap between them (ii) all levels in a band have the same energy, bandwidths being assumed to be small (iii) energies of all levels in valence band are E0, as shown in fig. (a) and (iv) energies of all levels in conduction band are EG. Let the zero energy reference level be taken arbitrarily at the top of the valence band, as shown in fig. (b). Now number of electrons in conduction band, where P represents the probability of an electron having energy EG. Its value may be determined from Fermi Dirac probability distribution function given as where P (E) is the probability of finding an electron having any particular value of energy E.
Q. An antenna has an aperture area of 10 m 2 ,an aperture ef?ciency of 0.6, and negligible losses. If it is used at 5 GHz, determine: (a) Its power gain. (b) The maximum pow
State advantagesof Washing machine Main advantages are that these washing machines are fully automatic (wash programs are fully stored) it makes them easy to use, they are chea
how over compensation by capacitive var rises voltage in a circuit?
Calculate the value of resistor: 1. What are the significant differences in the way ammeters and voltmeters are connected. If an ammeter reads 2.5 A for a period of 4 minutes
Q. Consider the electromagnetic plunger shown in Figure. The λ-i relationship for the normal working range is experimentally found to be λ = Ki 2/3 /(x+t), where K is a constant. D
(a) Let a unit impulse of current i(t) = δ(t) be applied to a parallel combination of R = 3 and C = 1/2 F. Determine the voltage vC(t) across the capacitor. (b) Repeat (a) for
Properties of a semiconductor: What properties of a semiconductor are determined from a Hall effect experiment ? Sol. The Hall Effect experiment is used to determine th
A 20µF capacitor is connected in series with a 50 kΩ resistor and the circuit is connected to a 20 V, d.c. supply. Verify: a) The initial value of the current flowing, b) T
how does creating a supernode helps solve the problems?
in DC series generator we consider Eg=V+Ia(Ra+Rse).But in DC shunt generator why it is only Eg=V+IaRa and not Eg=V+Ia(Ra*Rsh/Ra+Rsh)
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