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Fermi Dirac level:
Sol. The Fermi level is simply a reference energy level. It is the energy level at which the probability of finding an electron n energy unit above it in the conduction band is equal to the probability of finding a hole n energy units below it in the valence band. Very simply, it can be considered to the average energy level of the electrons, as illustrated in fig. (a). For simplification let us assume that (i) widths of energy bands are small in comparison to forbidden energy gap between them (ii) all levels in a band have the same energy, bandwidths being assumed to be small (iii) energies of all levels in valence band are E0, as shown in fig. (a) and (iv) energies of all levels in conduction band are EG. Let the zero energy reference level be taken arbitrarily at the top of the valence band, as shown in fig. (b). Now number of electrons in conduction band, where P represents the probability of an electron having energy EG. Its value may be determined from Fermi Dirac probability distribution function given as where P (E) is the probability of finding an electron having any particular value of energy E.
A 100kw,230v,dc shunt generator,with Ra=0.05,and Rf=57.5 has no load rotational loss(friction,wandage,core loss)of 1.8kw.compute a) The generator efficiency at full load.
function of equlizer rings
Q. Compare RC coupled and Transformer coupling?
3) The impedance for a 120 km, 230-kV line is given as j 0.9 ohm/km and j 0.6 ohm/km for self and mutual terms respectively; resistance is neglected. The mho characteristic for the
Q. Effect of feedback on dynamic response and bandwidth? Let us consider the block-diagram representation of the open-loop system shown in Figure 16.2.5(a), whose direct transf
NOP No Operation Instruction No operation is performed when this instruction is executed. The instruction format is NOP All registers and flags re
limits of collector to base biasing
Q. What is Induction machines? We shall first consider polyphase induction motors and then single-phase induction motors. The polyphase induction motors used in industrial appl
(a) Average rainfall during the month of January is found to be R mm. A Class A pan evaporation recorded an average of [7 + ( R /100)] mm/day near an irrigation reservoir. The av
#i have an error at in the Matlab power system model..thus i couldn''t run it...
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