Exstrophy of the bladder, Biology

Assignment Help:

Exstrophy of the Bladder

This is the most common major congenital defect of lower urinary and genital tract. This is found more frequently in males than in females.

Exstrophy of bladder results when an abnormally large cloacal membrane prevents mesodermal growth and lower abdominal midline fusion. When the cloacal membrance ruptures the anterior abdominal wall, pubis, bladder and urethra fail to develop normally. The paired original tissues of the penis or clitoris fail to fuse in the midline.

In complete extrophy the entire bladder to the external urethral meatus is exposed and may be without ventral covering and this may be accompanied with epispadias, undesceded testes or inguinal hernia.

Incidence

It occurs approximately in 40,000 deliveries.

Pathophysiology

It results from failure of the abdominal wall and its under lying structures to fuse in utero. The anterior surface of the bladder lies open on the lower part of abdomen allowing constant passage of urine to out side. Management includes surgical closure of bladder in 48 hours. Complete correction by school age. Also urinary diversion may be done in some cases.


Related Discussions:- Exstrophy of the bladder

Animal kingdom, what is animal kingdom and what are its functions

what is animal kingdom and what are its functions

Botany, Suggest a mechanism that would allow a plant to grow better if it h...

Suggest a mechanism that would allow a plant to grow better if it had intermorph neighbors than if it had intramorph neighbors. Think about the degree of genetic similarity between

Lakes - lentic ecosystems, Lakes - Lentic Ecosystems Most lakes occur...

Lakes - Lentic Ecosystems Most lakes occur in regions which have recently been subjected to geological changes; say within the past 20,000 years. However, a few lakes, such a

Plant biodiversity, discuss why obelia is considered to be a special organi...

discuss why obelia is considered to be a special organism in zoology

What is cerebral hemorrhage, What is Cerebral Hemorrhage Cerebral hemor...

What is Cerebral Hemorrhage Cerebral hemorrhage is a massive bleeding into the substance of the brain. The most frequent cause is high blood pressure, or hypertension. Other ca

Which kind of animals does the placenta exist, Q. In which kind of animals ...

Q. In which kind of animals does the placenta exist? What is its major function? True placenta is present in placental mammals. The placenta is formed from the chorion of th

Define some symptoms of epilepsy, Define some Symptoms of Epilepsy? The...

Define some Symptoms of Epilepsy? The general symptoms of epilepsy include weakness, fainting, uncoordinated muscle movement. Based on the drug, common side effects include nau

Molecules diffuse down their concentration gradient, If molecules diffuse d...

If molecules diffuse down their concentration gradient and achieve equal concentration throughout a container or cell, does all movement stop? Explain your answer.

Class of crustacea - branchiura, Class of Crustacea - Branchiura Branc...

Class of Crustacea - Branchiura Branchiura involves only around 130 species of ectoparasitic crustaceans living mostly on the integument and gill cavities of freshwater and ma

Explain the dietary fibre and colon cancer, Explain the Dietary fibre and c...

Explain the Dietary fibre and colon cancer? The relationship between colorectal cancer and dietary fibre remains complex. Although a cause-and-effect relationship between fibre

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd