Exstrophy of the bladder, Biology

Assignment Help:

Exstrophy of the Bladder

This is the most common major congenital defect of lower urinary and genital tract. This is found more frequently in males than in females.

Exstrophy of bladder results when an abnormally large cloacal membrane prevents mesodermal growth and lower abdominal midline fusion. When the cloacal membrance ruptures the anterior abdominal wall, pubis, bladder and urethra fail to develop normally. The paired original tissues of the penis or clitoris fail to fuse in the midline.

In complete extrophy the entire bladder to the external urethral meatus is exposed and may be without ventral covering and this may be accompanied with epispadias, undesceded testes or inguinal hernia.

Incidence

It occurs approximately in 40,000 deliveries.

Pathophysiology

It results from failure of the abdominal wall and its under lying structures to fuse in utero. The anterior surface of the bladder lies open on the lower part of abdomen allowing constant passage of urine to out side. Management includes surgical closure of bladder in 48 hours. Complete correction by school age. Also urinary diversion may be done in some cases.


Related Discussions:- Exstrophy of the bladder

Explain the heart rate monitoring (hrm) method, Explain the Heart Rate Moni...

Explain the Heart Rate Monitoring (HRM) Method? HRM is a method to measure the daily energy expenditure of free-living individuals, based on the relationship of heart rate and

What is a photosynthesis, Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and ot...

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to change the light energy captured from the sun into chemical energy which can be beneficial to fuel the organism's

Describe what types of results describe hypothesis, Why did giraffes develo...

Why did giraffes develop long necks? 1) Describe an experiment to test this hypothesis. Be explicit about the methods you will use, the setting, the time that the experiment wil

Merits of micro propagation, Merits of Micro Propagation The special m...

Merits of Micro Propagation The special merits of micro propagation are: 1. It considerably increases the rate of multiplication 2. High rate of multiplication can be ma

Global Warming Prevention, Preventive steps for global warming :  Growing ...

Preventive steps for global warming :  Growing trees in vacant places. Growing social forests and protect them. Promoting abundant growth of phytoplankton plant species in marine

Define biosynthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones, Define Biosynthesis ...

Define Biosynthesis and Secretion of Thyroid Hormones? Histologically, the functional cells of the thyroid gland are arranged in follicles, which surround a central lumen conta

Why pluto is no longer considered a planet, Describe how the International ...

Describe how the International Astronomical Union defines a planet. Also include why Pluto is no longer considered a planet.

Intermediate filaments - cytoskeletal structures, INTERMEDI A T E FILAME...

INTERMEDI A T E FILAMENTS These are non-living structures. Made up of different types of protein eg. Keratin, synemin, desmin and vimentin. These are divided into four

What is yellow fever, What is yellow fever? Yellow fever is a viral inf...

What is yellow fever? Yellow fever is a viral infection that happens mainly in Central Africa and in the Amazon region of South America. It is prevented through vaccination and

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd