Exstrophy of the bladder, Biology

Assignment Help:

Exstrophy of the Bladder

This is the most common major congenital defect of lower urinary and genital tract. This is found more frequently in males than in females.

Exstrophy of bladder results when an abnormally large cloacal membrane prevents mesodermal growth and lower abdominal midline fusion. When the cloacal membrance ruptures the anterior abdominal wall, pubis, bladder and urethra fail to develop normally. The paired original tissues of the penis or clitoris fail to fuse in the midline.

In complete extrophy the entire bladder to the external urethral meatus is exposed and may be without ventral covering and this may be accompanied with epispadias, undesceded testes or inguinal hernia.

Incidence

It occurs approximately in 40,000 deliveries.

Pathophysiology

It results from failure of the abdominal wall and its under lying structures to fuse in utero. The anterior surface of the bladder lies open on the lower part of abdomen allowing constant passage of urine to out side. Management includes surgical closure of bladder in 48 hours. Complete correction by school age. Also urinary diversion may be done in some cases.


Related Discussions:- Exstrophy of the bladder

Objectives of eyelids-lacrimal apparatus-tear film dynamics, Define the obj...

Define the objectives of eyelids, lacrimal apparatus and tear film dynamics. By familiar with section, you should be capable to understand: a. All the functions of the eyeli

How are artificial and natural pearls created, Q. How are artificial and na...

Q. How are artificial and natural pearls created? Pearls are made from small strange particles that deposit between the mantle and the shell of the oyster. These particles trig

Define viscosity - function of proteins, Explain Viscosity of proteins ...

Explain Viscosity of proteins Viscosity reflects resistance to flow. The  main  single factor influencing the viscosity  behavior  of protein  fluids  is   the  apparent  diame

Use of aldehydes as chemical sterilant, Q. Use of Aldehydes as chemical ste...

Q. Use of Aldehydes as chemical sterilant? Formaldehyde: widely employed for the fumigation of operation theatres. Glutaraldehyde: commercial preparations are active at

High proportion of reticulocytes, A patient has a low red blood cell count,...

A patient has a low red blood cell count, and microscopic examination reveals an abnormally high proportion of circulating reticulocytes. Upon subsequent examination, the patient i

Differ from our current use of retroviruses, In what way may we be able to ...

In what way may we be able to take advantage of retrotransposons in human gene therapy? How would this differ from our current use of retroviruses?

How dissimilar are cnidarians from poriferans, Q. Concerning tissue complex...

Q. Concerning tissue complexity how dissimilar are cnidarians from poriferans? Poriferans present only some dispersed specialized cells with no tissue differentiation, Cnidaria

What are the characteristics of soil, What are the characteristic of Soil ...

What are the characteristic of Soil It is commonly conceived as a plane at right angles to the surface. The upper part of a soil profile above the parent material in which proc

What is the objectives of genesis of coronary artery disease, What is the o...

What is the objective of genesis of coronary artery diseases and risk factors ? After reading this unit, you should be able to: Understand the genesis of CAD; 1 learns about th

What is mass transportation across the cell membrane, Mass transportation i...

Mass transportation is the access or the exiting of substances in or from the cell engulfed by portions of membrane. The fusion of internal substance-having membranous vesicles wit

Write Your Message!

Captcha
Free Assignment Quote

Assured A++ Grade

Get guaranteed satisfaction & time on delivery in every assignment order you paid with us! We ensure premium quality solution document along with free turntin report!

All rights reserved! Copyrights ©2019-2020 ExpertsMind IT Educational Pvt Ltd