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Explicitly specifying the join condition - SQL
SELECT *
FROM IS_CALLED JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON
ON ( IS_CALLED.StudentId = IS_ENROLLED_ON.StudentId )
Now, the key word JOIN in all of the foregoing examples can be harmlessly preceded by the word INNER. SQL also supports what are called "outer joins". The outer join of t1 and t2 contains all the rows of the inner join and possibly some more if either operand has rows which fail to participate in the inner join. Such a row might participate in the outer join, accompanied by NULL for each column of the other operand. The key words LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL, each optionally followed by OUTER, are used to specify whether unmatched rows of the first (left) operand, the second (right) operand, or both operands, respectively, are to appear in the result. Example shows an SQL outer join. A single row for student S5 appears in the result, with NULL in place of a value for CourseId.
to write a heap sort program usin pl-sql
Using a join on 2 tables, select all columns and 10 rows from the 2 tables without the use of a Cartesian product. Query: SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEE1 E JOIN STAFF S ON E.EMP_
Remote Operations: As the illustration shows below, the PL/SQL subprograms can execute the dynamic SQL statements which refer to the objects on a remote database: PROCEDURE
Example of WRAP Operator - SQL The effect of Example can be obtained in SQL but note that one needs to write down not only the names of the columns being wrapped but also the
Character Types The Character types allow you to store alphanumeric data, represent words and text, and manipulate the character strings. CHAR You use the CHAR dataty
Cursor Attributes The Cursors and cursor variables have 4 attributes which give you helpful information about the execution of a data manipulation statement. Syntax:
%TYPE: This attribute gives the datatype of a formerly declared collection, cursor variable, object, field, record, database column, or variable. Datatype: This is simply
Assignment Source Not a Literal - Variable Syntax: SET SN = SID (SUBSTRING (SN.C FROM 1 FOR 1)||'5');
Advantages of PL/SQL The PL/SQL is a high-performance transaction processing, completely portable language that offers the following advantages as shown: 1) Support for SQL
what is the use of declare keyword
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