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Explicitly specifying the join condition - SQL
SELECT *
FROM IS_CALLED JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON
ON ( IS_CALLED.StudentId = IS_ENROLLED_ON.StudentId )
Now, the key word JOIN in all of the foregoing examples can be harmlessly preceded by the word INNER. SQL also supports what are called "outer joins". The outer join of t1 and t2 contains all the rows of the inner join and possibly some more if either operand has rows which fail to participate in the inner join. Such a row might participate in the outer join, accompanied by NULL for each column of the other operand. The key words LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL, each optionally followed by OUTER, are used to specify whether unmatched rows of the first (left) operand, the second (right) operand, or both operands, respectively, are to appear in the result. Example shows an SQL outer join. A single row for student S5 appears in the result, with NULL in place of a value for CourseId.
Character Types The Character types allow you to store alphanumeric data, represent words and text, and manipulate the character strings. CHAR You use the CHAR dataty
%ROWCOUNT The %ROWCOUNT yields the number of rows affected by the INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement, or returned by a SELECT INTO statement. The %ROWCOUNT yields zero when a
Parameter and Keyword Description: record_type_name: This identifies the user-defined type specifier that is used in the subsequent declarations of the records. NOT N
Literature review
Example of GROUP BY and COLLECT Operator Example: Using GROUP BY and COLLECT to obtain C_ER2 SELECT CourseId, CAST ( COLLECT (ROW (StudentId, Mark)) AS ROW (Studen
Running the PL/SQL Wrapper To run the PL/SQL Wrapper, go through the wrap command at your operating system prompt by using the syntax as shown: wrap iname=input_file [oname=
Data Types in SQL - Integer INTEGER or synonymously INT, for integers within a certain range. SQL additionally has types SMALLINT and BIGINT for certain ranges of integers. T
Using FIRST and LAST FIRST and LAST return the first and last (minimum and maximum) index numbers in a collection. When the collection is empty, the FIRST and LAST return NULL
Aggregate Assignment The %ROWTYPE declaration cannot include an initialization clause. Though, there are two ways to assign values to all fields in a record at once. At First, t
Primary Key - SQL A PRIMARY KEY specification carries an implicit NOT NULL constraint on each column of the specified key. When more than one key constraint is required, the k
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