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Explicitly specifying the join condition - SQL
SELECT *
FROM IS_CALLED JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON
ON ( IS_CALLED.StudentId = IS_ENROLLED_ON.StudentId )
Now, the key word JOIN in all of the foregoing examples can be harmlessly preceded by the word INNER. SQL also supports what are called "outer joins". The outer join of t1 and t2 contains all the rows of the inner join and possibly some more if either operand has rows which fail to participate in the inner join. Such a row might participate in the outer join, accompanied by NULL for each column of the other operand. The key words LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL, each optionally followed by OUTER, are used to specify whether unmatched rows of the first (left) operand, the second (right) operand, or both operands, respectively, are to appear in the result. Example shows an SQL outer join. A single row for student S5 appears in the result, with NULL in place of a value for CourseId.
Example of WHEN or THEN Constraints A concrete example showing how SQL supports WHEN/THEN constraints CREATE TABLE SAL_HISTORY (EmpNo CHAR (6), Salary INTEGER NOT NULL,
Use Native Dynamic SQL A few programs (a normal-purpose report writer for illustration) should build and process a variety of SQL statements at run time. Therefore, their full
Attributes: Just similar to variable, an attribute is declared with a name and datatype. The name should be exclusive within the object type. The datatype can be any Oracle ty
Delimiters A delimiter is a simple or compound symbol which has a special meaning to PL/SQL. For example, you use delimiters to symbolize an arithmetic operation like additio
Loop Labels Like the PL/SQL blocks, loops can also be labeled. The label, an undeclared identifier enclosed by double angle brackets, should appear at the beginning of the LOOP
Functions The function is a subprogram that calculates a value. The Functions and procedures are structured similar, except that the functions have a RETURN clause. You can
Consider the schema for FreeChecking Bank, that we designed given below. Translate the given ER schema into SQL CREATE TABLE statements (indicating primary key, unique and foreign
IN Operator The operator IN tests the set membership. This means "equal to any member of." The set may have nulls, but they are ignored. For illustration, the statement below do
ORIGIN OF EARTH - BIG-BAN G HYPOTHESIS - Origin of life is linked to origin of earth. Cosmos, the Universe originated 10-20 billion years ago by Big Bang (thermonu
Bulk Fetching The illustration below shows that you can bulk-fetch from a cursor into one or more collections: DECLARE TYPE NameTab IS TABLE OF emp.ename%TYPE; TYPE S
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