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Explicitly specifying the join condition - SQL
SELECT *
FROM IS_CALLED JOIN IS_ENROLLED_ON
ON ( IS_CALLED.StudentId = IS_ENROLLED_ON.StudentId )
Now, the key word JOIN in all of the foregoing examples can be harmlessly preceded by the word INNER. SQL also supports what are called "outer joins". The outer join of t1 and t2 contains all the rows of the inner join and possibly some more if either operand has rows which fail to participate in the inner join. Such a row might participate in the outer join, accompanied by NULL for each column of the other operand. The key words LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL, each optionally followed by OUTER, are used to specify whether unmatched rows of the first (left) operand, the second (right) operand, or both operands, respectively, are to appear in the result. Example shows an SQL outer join. A single row for student S5 appears in the result, with NULL in place of a value for CourseId.
Renaming Columns - SQL SQL has no direct counterpart of RENAME. To derive the table on the right in Figure 4.4 from the table on the left, Tutorial D has IS_CALLED RENAME ( St
Using DEFAULT You can use the keyword DEFAULT rather than that of the assignment operator to initialize the variables. For e.g. the declaration blood_type CHAR := ’O’; it can b
Biconditional - SQL The biconditional p ↔ q can be expressed in Tutorial D by p = q and the same is true of SQL. The question then arises as to whether, in SQL, p = q is equiv
CURRVAL and NEXTVAL The series is a schema object which generates the sequential numbers. Whenever you form a sequence, you can specify its primary value and an increment. T
BETWEEN Operator The operator BETWEEN, tests whether the value lies in a specified series. That means "greater than or equivalent to low value and less than or equivalent to hig
Need for Dynamic SQL: You need dynamic SQL in the situations as follows: 1) You would like to execute a SQL data definition statement (like CREATE), a data control statemen
what are ER diagrams
Blocks: The fundamental program unit in the PL/SQL is the block. The PL/SQL block is defined by the keywords BEGIN, DECLARE, EXCEPTION, and END. These keywords partition the b
Example of DELETE - SQL As with UPDATE, a FOR PORTION OF clause can be specified if the target table has a defined period name, as illustrated in Example. Example: Deleting
Assigning and Comparing Collections One collection can be assigned to other by an SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or FETCH statement, an assignment statement, or by a subprogram call. A
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