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Explicit Cursors
The set of rows returned by the query can include zero, one, or multiple rows, depending on how many rows meet your search criteria. Whenever a query returns a multiple row, you can explicitly declare the cursor to process the rows. Furthermore, you can declare a cursor in the declarative part of any PL/SQL subprogram, block, or package.
You use 3 commands to control the cursor: OPEN, FETCH, & CLOSE. At First, you initialize the cursor with the OPEN statement that identifies the result set. Then, you use the FETCH statement to recover the first row. You can execute FETCH frequently until all rows have been retrieved. When the final row has been processed, you discharge the cursor with the CLOSE statement. You can process few queries in parallel by declaring and opening the multiple cursors.
Transactions in SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK, SQL has the same syntax except for START in place of BEGIN. However, START TRANSACTION is used only for outermost
Using COMMIT The COMMIT statements end the present transaction and make permanent any changes made during that transaction. Till you commit the changes, other users cannot acc
%FOUND Subsequent to a cursor or cursor variable is opened but before the first fetch, the %FOUND yields NULL. Afterward, it yields TRUE when the last fetch returned a row, or
Using EXISTS The EXISTS(n) returns TRUE if the nth element in a collection exist. Or else, EXISTS(n) returns FALSE. Primarily, you use EXISTS with DELETE to maintain the spars
Parameter and Keyword Description: EXIT: An unconditional EXIT statement (i.e., one without a WHEN clause) exits the present loop instantly. The Execution resumes with th
Using Cursor Attributes: Every cursor has 4 attributes: %NOTFOUND, %FOUND, %ISOPEN, and %ROWCOUNT. If appended to the cursor name, they return the helpful information about
Using the Collection Methods The collection methods below help to generalize the code and make collections easier to use and also make your applications easier to maintain:
Redeclaring Predefined Exceptions Keep in mind that, the PL/SQL declares predefined exceptions globally in the package STANDARD; Therefore you need not declare them yourself.
Write a program to implement the inverted file shown in the slides (Simple Index file, LabelID file and Data file). Use the Avail_List to point at the deleted Label IDs so that th
I need SQL Data Base Project Description: Network SQL database and SQL Setup two 4 workstation Skills required are Data Entry, MySQL, SQL
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