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Q. Explain working of Bipolar junction transistors?
The family of bipolar junction transistors has two members: the npn BJT and the pnp BJT. Both types contain semiconductor junctions which operate with bipolar internal currents consisting of holes and electrons. These are illustrated in Figure along with their circuit symbols.
The emitter in the circuit symbol is identi?ed by the lead having the arrowhead. The arrow points in the direction of conventional emitter current ?ow when the base-emitter junction is forward biased. A transistor can operate in three modes: cutoff, saturation, and active. In the active mode, for an npn BJT, the base-emitter junction (BEJ) is forward-biased by a voltage vBE, while the collector-base junction (CBJ) is reverse-biased by a voltage vCB. Thus for an npn BJT, as shown in Figure (a), iB and iC are positive quantities such that iB + iC = iE. For a pnp BJT on the other hand, in the active region, the base-emitter and collector-base voltages are negative, and currents iB, iC, and iE are all negative quantities such that iE = iB + iC, that is to say, the bias voltages as well as current directions are reversed compared to those of an npn BJT.
Q. Explain working of Digital-to-Analog Converters? Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Converters For the results of digital computations to be used in the analog world, it becomes n
For the amplifier circuit shown below estimate the mid band voltage gain if the EARLY voltage (V A ) of the current mirror transistors is 80 volts. Assume the d.c biasing is optim
Q. For the circuits shown in Figure, sketch the frequency response (magnitude and phase) of ¯V out / ¯V in .
Find the resistance of 1 km of copper cable having a diameter of 10 mm if the resistivity of copper is 0.017 x 10 -6 Ωm.
Instruction size As we have seen already that each instruction has two parts Opcode ( Operation Code) Which tells the types of operation to be performed .
Q. Consider an RC parallel circuit excited by (a) i(t) = 20e -2t A, and (b) i(t) = 20 A. Find the forced component of the current through the capacitor for R = 2 and C = 2F.
Q. The block diagram of Figure represents a multi loop control system. (a) Determine the transfer function C(s)/R(s). (b) For G 2 G 3 H 2 = 1, evaluate C(s)/R(s).
What is the difference between the shifts and rotate instructions? A rotate instruction is a closed loop instruction. That is, the data moved out at single end is put back in a
Q. Which are the different FET amplifiers? A FET can be used as a small-signal amplifier by connecting one of its lead to signal ground. The other two leads then serve as the i
Define the term Causality LTI System Any practical LTI system operating in real time must be "causal" which means that its impulse response {h[n]} must satisfy h[n] = 0 for n
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