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Explain what is Aggregation?
Aggregation: Aggregation is an significant concept in database design whereas composite objects could be modelled during the design of database applications. Thus, preserving the aggregation concept within database implementation is must. we propose models for implementation of aggregation in an Object-Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS) through the use of index clusters and nested tables. Aggregation refers to an abstraction in that a relationship among objects is regarded as a higher-level object.
What is a checkpoint? List the operations to be performed by the system when a checkpoint is to be taken. What does the recovery system do if there is a crash? There is large n
Explain the Log Based Recovery Method? The system log that is generally written on stable storage consists of the redundant data required to recover from volatile storage failu
What are the states of transaction? The states of transaction are:- a) Active b) Partially committed c) Failed d) Aborted e )Committed f) Terminated
One-way Associations If an association is only traversed in single direction, then it is known as one-way association. It is implemented as a pointer or an attribute which con
Drawbacks of Database systems ?
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How can you map NULL values to other values while display? IF( ) , IFNULL( ) keywords are used to do so. They are 'LIMIT' is used for the following kinds of problems: 1) Ans
Explain the difference between using functions along with and without grouping attributes in relational algebra. Give examples. Ans: Group functions are used to group data of
Write short notes on data ware housing? Data ware housing applications needs the transformation of data from many sources into a cohesive reliable step set of data configured a
What is the use of integrity constraints? Integrity constraints make sure that changes made to the database by authorized users do not result in a loss of data consistency. The
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