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Explain Two phase locking protocol
A transaction is consider as to follow the two-phase locking protocol if all locking operations precede the first unlock operation in the transaction. Such type of transaction can be divided into two phases: and expanding or growing (first) phase, throughout which new locks on items can be acquired but none can be released; and a shrinking (second) phase, throughout which existing locks can be released but no new locks can be obtained. This two-phase protocol can make sure the serializability because all the data items needed by a transaction will be locked at the starting of the transaction and if other transaction needs to use those data items then it has to wait till they become unlocked.
Insulation between conceptual and physical structures It can be defined as: 1. The Database Administrator should be capable to vary the storage structures without affectin
Suppose R is a relation with attributes A1, A2,..., An. As a function of n, tell how many superkeys R has, if: 1.1 The only key is A1. 1.2 The only key is A1 and A2. 1.3 The o
er diagram on cosmetics.
Describe the shadow paging technique.
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Locks: Serialisabilty is just a test whether a given interleaved schedule is ok or has a concurrency related trouble. Though, it does not make sure that the interleaved concurrent
Consider the following frequency counts of some itemsets in a transaction database r : freq({A}, r) = 0.405 freq({B}, r) = 0.510 freq({C}, r) = 0.303 freq({A
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does tables are called relations
What is called query processing? Query processing refers to the range of activities included in extracting data from a database.
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