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Explain Two phase locking protocol
A transaction is consider as to follow the two-phase locking protocol if all locking operations precede the first unlock operation in the transaction. Such type of transaction can be divided into two phases: and expanding or growing (first) phase, throughout which new locks on items can be acquired but none can be released; and a shrinking (second) phase, throughout which existing locks can be released but no new locks can be obtained. This two-phase protocol can make sure the serializability because all the data items needed by a transaction will be locked at the starting of the transaction and if other transaction needs to use those data items then it has to wait till they become unlocked.
Discuss The difference between drop table R and delete from R. DROP TABLE command deletes all the records with the table definition. This command will automatically committed
How the time stamps are implemented Use the value of the system clock as the time stamp. That is a transaction's time stamp is equivalent to the value of the clock when the tra
#questiontypes of keys examples..
Derived horizontal fragmentation: Some applications may include a join of two or more relations. If the relations are stored at dissimilar locations, there may be a major overhead
Discuss the differences among the candidate keys and the primary key of a relation. Give instance to describe your answer? A candidate key is one that can be used as primary ke
Explain query execution plan? - Optimizer available in SQL Server optimizes code to be effectively executed. - A query execution plan demonstrates how this optimizer would r
what is 3nf
Higher Normal Forms Is there more normal forms beyond BCNF? Yes, though, these normal forms are not based on the concept of functional dependence. More normalisation is needed if
Data independence seems that "the application is independent of the access strategy and storage structure of data". In other words, the ability to change the schema definition in o
Explain nested relations? Nested relations The assumption of INF is a natural one in the bank examples we have considered. However, not all applications are best modelled
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