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Explain Two phase locking protocol
A transaction is consider as to follow the two-phase locking protocol if all locking operations precede the first unlock operation in the transaction. Such type of transaction can be divided into two phases: and expanding or growing (first) phase, throughout which new locks on items can be acquired but none can be released; and a shrinking (second) phase, throughout which existing locks can be released but no new locks can be obtained. This two-phase protocol can make sure the serializability because all the data items needed by a transaction will be locked at the starting of the transaction and if other transaction needs to use those data items then it has to wait till they become unlocked.
Define and differentiate between ordered indexing and hashing. Ans: Ordered indexing: To gain fast random access to records in a file, we can make of an index structure. Every
Describe different steps of the object-oriented design process. The broad steps of the object-oriented design process are: a. Define context and modes of use of the system
Example : Create a sequence named SEQSS that starts at 105, has a step of 1 and can take maximum value as 2000. CREATE SEQUENCE SEQSS START WITH 105 INCREMENT BY 1 MAX VA
Can your organization scan large format documents? Yes, large format scanning used for such entities as city plans and blueprints is available. We selected scanners with the ab
What are domain constraints? A domain is a set of values that might be assigned to an attribute .all values that appear in a column of a relation must be taken fro
Explain outer join? Outer Join - If there are any values in one table which do not have corresponding value(s) in the other, in an equi-join which will not be chosen. Such ro
Define shadow paging. An alternative to log-based crash recovery method is shadow paging. This technique requires fewer disk accesses than do the log-based methods.
Question: (a) List four disadvantages of the File Processing System as compared to the Database Systems. (b) The integrity of a database is enforced by integrity rules. One
Consider the table student and list names of students in the departments other than maths and computer. SELECT std_name FRM student WHERE dept_name NOT IN (‘Maths','Computer);
Use Delegation to Share Implementation The delegation " Delegation comprises of catching an operation on one object and sending it to other object which is part, or related to
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