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Define tuple variable?
Tuple variables are used for comparing two tuples in the same relation. The tuple variables are explained in the from clause by way of the as clause.
Illustrate the statement 'Projection operation distributes over the union operation'. Give an example. Ans: Π L (E 1 ∪ E 2 ) = (Π L (E 1 )) ∪ (Π L (E 2 )) This says th
Describe Hashing in DBMS? Hashing: Hashing is a technique to store data within an array so which storing, searching, inserting and deleting data is fast (in theory it's O(1))
What are audit trails? An audit trail is a log of all alters to the database along with information like which user performed the change and when the alter was performed.
What are the two types of blocks in the fixed -length representation? Define them. Anchor block: Have the first record of a chain. Overflow block: Have the records other tha
What are the two integrity rules? Ans: The two integrity rules are: Entity Integrity Rule & Referential Integrity Rule. Entity Integrity Rule - If the attribute A of rel
How many levels can be viewed in Architecture of the database ? Architecture of the database can be viewed as three levels.
explain cascading rollback
Attributes that are directly kept in the data base. For example, 'Birth date' attribute of a person. Derived Attributes that are not stored directly but can be derived
Optimistic Concurrency Control Is locking the only way to stop concurrency related problems? There exist some other ways too. One such way is known as an Optimistic Concurrency
Why were functional methods fashionable in early days? These are inspired directly by computer architecture and thus popular among computer scientist in early days. The divisio
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